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HomeMy WebLinkAboutTC Res 1995-07-19 (3) t' J l RESOLUTION NO. .lIJ.Q A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF TIBURON ADOPTING THE TENETS OF THE LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES' TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY WHEREAS, the Town of Tiburon recognizes the importance of the emerging national informational infrastructure; and WHEREAS, the Town believes that development ofthis new infrastructure raises important questions concerning social, economic and public policy; and WHEREAS, the Town believes that development ofthis infrastructure will involve the use of public rights-of-way, resulting in traffic disruption, noise and air pollution, and reduced pavement life; and WHEREAS, the Town believes that local governments should have a voice in development of this new infrastructure; and WHEREAS, the Town believes that local governments need to protect public rights-of- way, receive compensation for the use of the street by private companies, and receive a fair allocation of services, resources and bandwidth from companies developing this new infrastructure; and WHEREAS, the League of California Cities has adopted a Telecommunications Policy, attached as Exhibit 1; and WHEREAS, the Town fully supports and endorses the efforts of the League of California Cities to preserve and protect the rights of cities to address their concerns with respect to this infrastructure; NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Tiburon as follows: L The Town ofTiburon supports and endorses the League of California Cities Telecommunications Policy: and 2, The Town ofTiburon agrees with the tenets set forth in the Telecommunications Policy and adopts the following tenets as policy for the Town of Tiburon: a. Access to advanced telecommunications services must be available to all citizens, as well as the commercial, education and government sectors. b. There should be an open, competitive marketplace for telecommunications. -1- ~ , l c, Local governments must have a role in the regulatory structure to preserve their local authority over matters oflocal import, d. Local governments must be compensated for use of public rights-of-way and negative impact on local infrastructure. e, Local governments should help safeguard citizens against market inequities in the advanced telecommunications marketplace by maximizing their ability to utilize and facilitate access to telecommunication resources, including the option of becoming providers, f, Local governments should be allocated adequate spectrum capacity for public safety, emergency services, public works and other public use, NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED that the Town Clerk is directed to transmit this resolution to the League of California Cities, to state and federal officials representing the Town ofTiburon, and to the Mayors and City Councils within Marin County. PASSED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the Town Council of the Town of Tiburon on July] 9, ] 995 by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: COUNCILMEMBERS: COUNCILMEMBERS: Nygren, Ginalski, Thompson, Wolf, Thayer None. None. ad./~~ ANDREW THOMPSON MA ATTEST: j/}; f} I (I l(A~_ DIANE L. CRANE TOWN CLERK -2- r- - .> i ~ r-- 'Ir :.- .. ;_.~ 1M ~ ch f111iJt EXHIBIT I League of California Cities .' .' Telecommunications Policy As GdDpl~d April, 1994 '. .,-,- , " -\ ,-... - " ' '. ...... .,. Executive Summary , The 1990s will witness the rapid development and deployment of advanced telecommunications services. The telecommunications industry Is developing digital technology to enhance its traditional delivery systemoocopper wire for voice, coaxial cable for video--to support a host of new services. These industries are also developing high speed/high capacity networks, commonly referred to as broadband networks, that are capable of integrating voice, data, video services along a single wire. The development of advanced telecommunications infrastructure, often referred to as the if/jOm/Oliof/ superhighway, promises to increase competition and to stimulate economic development as new products and services are introduced into the teleconununications marketplace. California cities can look forward to using these ilUlovative technologies to enhancc public setvices,and streamline government operations. While the information superhighway presents considerable opportunities, it also carries an clement of uncertainty and risk, and has significant Ciscal and policy implications for cities, For example, under current law, cable operators are subject to municipal franchise agreements, which include local control over rates and customer service standards, as well as franchise fees. Telephone companies, on the other hand, are exempt from these franchise provisions. As advanced telecommunications technology makes telephone setvice less discernable from cable serJice, cities' franChising authority may be in jeopardy. The telecommunications industry is already leveraging to take advantage of the I=i},:lnges , in the marketplace, Regional telephone companies are merging with cable'lV"':'-: ' ..'..,:' companies in order to circumvent the existing "cross. ownership' ban which prohibits telephone companies from providing video services. and cable operators from providing telephone setviee, In California, Pacific Bell has filed suit to challenge this ban as it deploys a $16 billion plan to wire residential areas in the state with broadband capacity, Furthermore, the Clinton Administration has stated its intent to remove regulatory "barriers" at all levels of government in order to streamline the development of advanced telecommunications services, As these events unfold, the regulatory powers cities enjoy are becoll"ing increasingly vulnerable. and cities must take steps to ensure that their role in protecting the interests of their communities is not sacrificed in the interest of developing tbe information superhighway, Principles that Guide Le::lgue Telecommunications Policy The League of California Cities has developed the following principles that reflect the interests of cities in the development of telecommunications policy: Cities must have certain regulijtory powers over toO t... ,.n:'I'T\rm l'I;I~!'ttit"f..l:lS_.e~m.c;~ l=!:r.C:'.~;r.o:;.T':"~.'~ (\'Td~, ...~' p'P~t.-~." ~:."J '1~;;"";~~; "",';'\",.~~~. "J.(tr...:{~;,..;.."'-t . ""_"_'-1.- -....., ._...~.~............................._.......,.,,~., "" _.~.~" I""A;~~UG -V[ '.J4."",V"UtI ~HI";:~ " ""'t ~,~-=--... ............:.....-:.. ... -....." ~ r negative impacts of installing fiber'op~ic and other telecommunications wire in city streets and in the public right-of-way, Securing these revenues ",ill be especially important if municipal franchises for cable service are eliminated due to a softening of the existing regulatory and franchise powers. / Cities recognize that broadband capacity has considerab:e value. in that it can be used both to support city operations and to streamline delivery of a variety of public services. Cities should receive an appropriate allocation of all advanced telecommunications resources, such as bandwidth on broadband r.elWorks,fiber-optie wiring, and spectrum on the 800 Mh radio frequency, that operate within their sphere of influence. Summary of the Telecommunications Policy Statements Universal Access Legislation enacted to facilit:lle the development of the National Information Infrastructure, and the California InformatiOn Infrastructure. should enS\lre that access to advanced telecommunications services is available to all citizens, as well as the . commercial, education, and government sectors, r'"' Role of City in Regulatory Structure The League supports efforts to cstablish an open, competitive marketplace for telecommunications scrvkes. jncluding the lifting of the cross-ownership ban and a level playing field for telecommunications service providers. An integral component of this open marketplace is the symmetrical application of regula:ions [0 all telecommunications service providers. including wireless service providers, The League also supports the preservation of local au thority over mailers of local impact. lL,guc or Caliro,"io Cili.. 2 Telr.:communic.al,on~ Policy - --, " Compensation for Use of Public Rights-of.Way and Negative Impact on Local Infrastructure The use of public streets and rights-of-way via the installation of pipes, conduits and wires to engage in private, for profit enterprise demands a fair payment for the use of the public's asset, The League supports a symmetrical application of right-or.way fees for all users of the public right-of-way, including telecommunications service providers, Cities should also receive compensation for the short- and long-term negative impacts of installing fiber-optic and other telecommunications wire in city streets and other locations in the: public right-of-way. ,/ Cities as Users/Pro,viders of Telecommunications Services TIJe Lc:~~UI: .L l;~oga.izt.3 thAt advc.nccd tclceom:munic:otioM reeourc.C hnve eons:idcf-abIe value. Cities should help safeguard citizens against market inequities in the advanced telecommunications marketplace by mall:imizing their ability to utjlize and facilitate access to telecolnmunications resources. Adequate Spectrum Capacity for Public Safety and Other Public Use r" Cities should be allocated adequate spectrum on the 800 Mhz radio frequency for public safety, emergency services, public works, and other public use. FCC Certification of Local Franchising Authority The League encourages cities to certify their local cable TV franchising authority to protect the interests of their citizens. Federal and state law should secure the rights of local franchise authorities to regulate cable service rates if they have received certification from the FCC. Privacy The League 'supports the protection of privacy and security for consumers of advanced teleC"Ommunications services. - ""~I..~^...........n1..."";nn... 9f1rl:'i - League of California Cities TelecommunicatioDs Policy Table of Contents ~ Foreword , . . ' , . . , , . , ' . , . . ' , . , . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . . . . . .. ii Background .....,.....,.,..........,.........",.""........... -.. ... 1 ,/ I" Telecommunications Policy at the Federal Level ...,.......,......,..., 1 Telecommunications Policy at the State Level .,...',."..........,.... '2 Telecommunications Policy at the Local Level ,...".......,..,..'..,., 2 r-. "A Telecommunications Framework for Cities" . . . . . . . . , . . . . . _ . . . . , . . . .. 3 Policy Statements, . , , . . . , ' . . . , . . . , , . , . . , , . . . , . . , , , . , , . , . , . . . . . . , , . , , . 4 Universal Access ..,., . . . , . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . ' . . . . . 4 Role of the City in Regulatory Stmcture ..........."................ 5 Compensation for Use of Public Rights-of-Way and Negative Impact on Local Infrastructure ,......,'...,...,..'...... 5 Cities as Users/Providers of Telecommunications Services .'..,....,...... 6 Adequate Spectrum Capacity for Public Safety and Other Public Use ....,... 7 FCC Certification of Local Franchising Authority. . . , . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 7 PriV<lCY ,..".,.'".'",.....,..,....",.",., :", . . , , . . , . . , , . . . 8 - League of Calirornia Cities Tc:lccommunic..lio~ Policy .. .. .-..., - Foreword Rarely a day goes by that one does not hear some reference to the so called "information ~perhighway". The rapid development of advanced telecommunications resources, such as fiber optic networks' that wlll carry voIce, video and data signals, cames the promise of new economic prosperity and new tools for streamlining the delivery of both public and private services. While California cities can look forward to enjoying these benefits in the near future, we must also be mindful of the impact of the emergence of this . spawning industry both on cities, and on the citizens they serve. To this end, the Leag'Je l!f California Cities has developed a comprehensive telecommunications poliey that will help cities define their roles as user, provider, regulator, and consumer advocate on the information superhighway. ' - The policies outlioed in this report are a product of the knowledge, experience and values of several dozen city officials who make up the Leagne's Telecommunications Task Force. A primary objective of the TelecommunicatioJlS Task Force has been to increase city officials' awareness of the relevance of teleco=unicstions policy in the business of local goverrunent, The Task Force has spent the past five years addressing telecommunications iSSues as they relate to cities, Over the years, their work has included educational forums, pilot projects for telecommuting and facilities sharing, and a comprehensive report entitled A' Telecommwlicario/lS Framework for Cities which was developed by the Institute for Local Self Government aIld adopted by resolution at the League Annual Conference in 1991. ; The policy statements contained in this report are the latest w(?rk product in a continuing effort to develop meaningful resources for cities 10 use in dealing with the complex and ever.changing arena of advanced telecommunicatio:J5, Cities sho:lld use these polides to guide their discussions and negotiations with telecornIllunications providers who wish to do business in their city. While these policies cover a wide range of telecommunications issues, the League is mindful that this is a "living" document that will change and evolve continuously to reflect the evolution of the advanced telecommunications industry. The League ir.vites cities to share ideas and concerns regarding it's telecommunications policy. Input from the telecommunications industry, our partners in the development of a California Information Infrastructure, is also welcome. Most important, the League urges cities to participate in the work of the Telecommunications Task Force so that we can expand both the scope and the depth of these policies. - ---~~ - Background Telecommunications Policy at the Federal Level Tile National Information Infrastructure. The Clinton Administration, under the direction of Vice President AI Gore, is promoting the development of the National Information Infrastructure (NIl). According to its advocates, the NIl will be an integrated network system that will 'ultimately connect the nation's businesses, residences, schools, health care facilities, and other public information. and social service providers through a broadband, interactive, telecommunications and jnformation network." Citing the need for a new policy framework to streamline the development of the NIT, Vice President Gore outlined a legislative agenda that will create a "flc::<ible. adaptable approach" to the tc:Iecommunications industry, The Administration's initiatives reflect the following objectives: / / r Increase competition and private invcstme:Jl in communications by removing unnecessary regulations and artificial barriers to participation by private firms in all communications markets. For example, the Administration proposes to permit cable companies and others to provide local telephone service; Secure open access to the network for consumers and service providers, For example, the legislation requires all local telephone companies, upon reasonable request, to interconnect their networks with the facilities of competing providers on nondiscriminatory terms; Preserve llnd advance universal service for all Americans across all sectors of society, Because full and productive participation in American society will inc~easir.gly depend on access to Information, the Administration is committed to promoting the availability of information resources to all people at affordable prices; Develop a new regulatory f:amework that is flexible and fair by allowing the FCC to reduce regulation for telecommunications carriers that lack market power. 1992 Cable ACI . In addition to establishing benchmark rate regulatioILS for cable TV service, the 1992 Cable Act strengthened local governments' roJe in regulating cable television by outlining local franchise authority over cable service. TIle Act allows local governments to certify franchising authority with the FCC and, based on ::tpproval of ,~ certification, to regulate basic cable service rales in their area. Local franchise authorities may also establish and enforce customer service swnda:ds and construction schedules, Le~gut or CaliCorni:t Ci,ics 1 T::lcco:'Jlmunic."\tioF1i Polky r-- Telecommunications Policy at the State Level California PUC Report - A November, 1993 report from the Califomia Public Utilities Commission entitled "Enhancing California's Competitive Strength: A Strategy for Telecommunications Infrastructure," makes the following findings: 'Public networks should be linked in an integrated, interoperable infrastructure Universal access is a key component of the infrastructure that includes affordable applications, low cost customer equipment, education and trail'Jng programs, Universal service shOuld be tr:msformcd from a subsidized monopolistic model to a competitive, multi-provider model. Competitive forces should drive the infrastructure and rrJnimize the potential for publicly.funded infrastructure, - All telecommunications markets should be open and regulatory process should be streamlined, The report specifies a three.year time frame in which to eliminate cross. domai,l barriers, The report also places the bulk of regulatory authority Wilh the PUC. The slate should crcate "open compelition zones" to assess the impact of opcn competition in the telecommunications market, Telecommunications Policy at the Local Level City EffortS to Comply with tire Cable Act - As stated previously, the 1992 Cable Act outlines specific regulatory roles for local governments, A key issue facing local governments is that cities must obtain certificalion from the FCC in order to secure regulatory authority of basic cable service rates. , For many cities, the rate review analysis required as part of the certifi,cation process has been complex and difficult to cO:Jlplete, To date, approximately half of the cities in Caiifo:nia that could certify have done so. While federal and state officials continue to urge cities to certify, the recenl statements regarding removing regulatory barriers to a competitive telecommunications market raise an important question: Does it make sense for cities to obtain FCC certification if the reg-..llalory powers the certification process seeks to es;ablish are going to be eliminated or significantly reduced to open the telecommunications markctplace? r-- Lc,guc o( c.liro,r.i, Cilies 2 Telecommunicalions Policy r< ':.4 Telecommunlcations Framework for eilies" This report, presented by the Telecommunications Task Force in 1991, outlines telecommunications issues and trends, and provides options available to cities acting as telecommunications user, consumer and pOlicy. maker. A Telecommunications FrameK,'Ork for Cities prepared by the Institute for local Self Government makes the following observation.~; Effective use of teleconununications can increase efficiency and provide new solutions to city problems. Cities' current investment in telecommunications is significant and will grolV, but lack of coordination among city departments results in jnefficient use of these resources and a lack of planning for future needs. -. Municipal governments are dependent now en transportation and communications to conduct the public business while the community depends on the same combination to access vital services and information. This reliance of communications will increase as city governments and citizens alike are forced to find alternatives to automobile travel, Many cities arc unprepared to utilize the fllll potential of available telecommunications technologies effectively: Current uses are cor.eentrated in a few departments. There are few central resources for planning ant: implementing new applications, Consumer decisions are ofter, motivated by mistake avoidance rather than meeting the needs crented by new applications, Development programs are inhibited by the lack of knowledge about total telecommunications com. invested capitnl, and physical plant. Local telecommunications policies beyond the cable , television franchise are rare, and cable lcievisiort polig, in many cities feils to address community needs. r- Federal and Slale legislatures and rcgulatory agencies arc changing the rules governing telecommunications markets to create competition and spur innovation. Thc~e changes will affect pricing and impact long-standing public policy. such as universal phone service, Cilies lack a cohcre1C, comprchensive position on the role of cities in a competitive telecommunications marketplace. - ' -' Policy Statements Universal Access One of the most important policy issues surro~nding telecommunications is that of universal access to telecommunications services. Policy.makers at all levels of government have eXJJre~ser.l concern over the potential for creating a system of information "haves andhave.nots." However, while terms such as open access and interoperability are used frequently in discussions of the National Information Infrastructure, a working definition of universal access has not been adopted at any level of government. The League's definition of universal access is reflected in its policy statement; Policy Statement - Legislation enacted to facilitate tire development of the National /nfonnation/nfrastruClure, and the California Information Infrastructure, should / ensure that access to advanced telecommunicarions services is available to all dtizen.s, as well as the commercial, education. and gOIJernment sectors. Elements of universal access should include: r Open access to consumers as well as service providers Connectivity /0 business Clnd govemmem, as well as residential areas Unifoml and indiscriminale wiring of all locations in a business or residential area Affordability OfJeNicas, equipment and training Flexibility of service options and delivery me:hanisms 10 reflect the needs of individual communi:ies Competitive choice in consumer seNice options Fees or charges to fund universal sefVice provision Ability to send and receive infonnation altransmission rales that are adequate for broadband application..l Ability to communicate with any individual OIl a network (addressable communicatlon.s) I'" lThc Lc..ZUC: recommends ~ minimum bandwidth of ten (10) mcg;)bytes per second, bi~djrc~cion.dJ)'. - Role of the City in Regulatory Structure The impetus for removing regulatory barriers to a competitive telecommunications marketplace is strong. Recent federal and state policy reports suggest that regulatory authority over service delivery, rates, and customer service standards should be coru;olidated either at the federal or state level. While there are sound arguments for streamlining regulations, the fact remains that telecommunications services will be delivered locally and the nature and scope of these services will be different from community to community. The deployment of advanced telecommunications networks will also ha'/e considerable impact on the economic: development and vitality of communities, as well as ar: impact on local infrastructure. Hence. the League's policy on streamlining regulation seeks to preserve cities' ability to secure telecommunications services that reflect the needs of their communities and to preserve and enhance city infrastructure. .' r- Policy StRtemcnt . The League Suppons effons to establish an open, competitive marketplace for telecomnwnicarions services, ineluding the lifting of the cros;;. olVnerslr~D ball and a level plCl'Jing field for telecommunications sendce providers. All illtegral component of this open marketplace is the symmetn'cal application of regulations to all telecommullica/io11S service providers. including H:ireless service providers, The League also supports the preservation of local authority over malters of local impact, illcluding: Constfuctioll standards', pennirting, schedullng. and cosr recovery Customer service standards . Rare regulation for cities that choose to regulate . Negative impact on local infrasrmcrure alld cost recovery City use of /elecommunlcationsresources (Ioca! PEG access, I. Nets) Method of ins/al/arion (pedestais, overhead, llnder.ground) " Compensation for Use of Public Righls-of.W.1Y nnd Ncgatil'c Impact en Loc;'!1 Infrastnlcture The traditional right of franchising includes the power of a dty to choose who may enter the market by granting or withholding a franchise. Franchising powers contain implicit I""' llnclude, the provisions of Californi. pue R"lc 20A, (Undcrgroundina Program) whioh would require Ic!ccommur:iC;ltions fiJcililics to p;lrlicip:ltc: by placing Underground ~Jl oycrht:ad rJ.ciIilies within any underground districl Icsisl.ted by a cily. ,.,.,.' ""...""[ r- ' legal barriers to market entry,'which sOllle ar~'Je are inconsistent with the policy of an open and competitive market. One tr.echanism that has been proposed to remove the legal barriers to telecommunications markets, while preserving the regulatory powers cities need to protect the interests of their communities, is to replace the franchise fee element of the 1992 Cllble Act with a right-oC-way ,compensation ,statute. In addition to compensation for use of right.of.way, cities should receive compensation for the shon- and long-term negative impacts of installing fiber-optic and other telecommunications wire, such as street degradation and the increased maintenance costs that occur when streets are opened. Policy Statement. The use of public streets and rights-of-wUj via the installation of pipes, conduits and wires to engage in private, for profit enterprise demands a fair payment for Ihe use of the public's asset, The League SUppOTtS a symmetrical J application of right-oJ-wl1J' fees for all users of the public right.of-way, including telecommunications service providers, Cities should also receive compensation for the short- and long-teml negative impacts of installing fiber,optic and other telecommunication.s wire ill city streets and other locations in the public right.of-way. r-. Cities as Users/Providers of Telecommunications Services One element of many c:.bJe franchise agreements is the development of institutionJI networks (I-NETs) that give municipalities cable TV facilities and'other telecommunications resources, Advanced telecommunications techr.ology will make many of these I.NET systems obsolete. However, cities have the opportunity to acquire a portion of a broadband network (commonly referred to as bandwidril), as well as other advanced telecomll1unications resourceS through franchise or other ag,eements, Acquiring bandwidth on a broadband network would allow municipalities to develop a wide range of telecommunications-based applications beth for internal use, and for providing services to their communities. City-provided tele~onununications services could also help mitigate market inequities in the telecommunications market. For examDle, if the costs of installing and operating broadband networks prices the access to these' networks beyond the incomes of certain citizen groups, cities could create public access systems, such as information kiosks or library tenrJnals to facilitate access. Policy Statement. The League recognizes that advanced telecommunications resources have considerable value, Cities should help safeguard citizen.s againsr market inequities in the advanced telecommunications marketplace by maximizing their ability to utilize and facilitate access to telecommunications resources, Strategies to accomplish these objer:live:r include: - Negotiate for all appropriate allocation of all advanced tdecommunicalions resources, ifleluding bandwidth on broadband networks, fiber. optic wiring, and spectrum on rile 800 M/IZ radio frequency, thai operate within tile city's sp/lere of influence. r In.stall and operate city,owned broadband networks, alld/or fonn partnerships to install and operaJe regional broadband networks. Explore and develop public service applicattons thaJ employ advanced telecommunications capabilities, so that these resources can be put to lLSeas SOOIl as tlley are available. Secure public access 10 advanced telecommunications networks by wily of existing PEG access requirements. . Identify and inwmtory lInused and/or abandoned cOl1duilthat aisrs in the public right-ol-wIly, in easements, or on property oWl1ed by the dry, ond develop strategies to leverage the ILlt of these reSOl/rces, .' ,.... A.dequate Spectrum Cnpacity for Public Safety nnd Olher Public Use During the conversion of city police, fire, emergency and public works radio services to the 800 Mhz spectrum, not enough spectrum was allocated to ciries, As a result, in metropolitan oreas, there has been a deterioration in transmission quality and the ability for police, fire, and public works departments to broadcast. W;th the coming of enhanced wireless, ceJIular. and personal communications services (PCN/PCS). cities may lose again if adequate specrrum for these services is not reserved for city uses, Policy Statement. Cilies should be allocated adequate spectrum on the 800 Mhz radio frequency for pu/;lic safety, emergency services, public worb, ond olher public use. FCC Certilication of Local Franchising Authority As stated previously, the 1992 Cable Act outlines the requirements and procedures for cities to request certification as local franchising autho;ity in crder to regulate basic cable TV service rates. In the interest of protecting the interests of their citizens. it is desirable for dties to continue to regulate cable scrvice rates in their communities, However, for many cities, the rate review analysis reqllired as p:m of the certification process has been complex and difficult to complete. Cities must aiso decide if it makes sense to obtain FCC certification if their regulatory powers are going to be preempted by new federal or stale Jaws. r Policy Statement - The League encourages cities 10 celtify their local cable TI/ franchising awhoriry to protect Ihe interests of Ihdr citi:ens. Federal alld state law sflould secure the rights of local franchise authorities 10 rCF{J.lme cable service rales if they have rtceh'ed certificatioll from the FCC. uotue of C...liCornia Ci,ic~ 7 TclccommlJoic.atiolU Polky . . , -. Privacy _. A fundamental Issue surrounding the development of the National Infermation Infrastructure (Nn) is the need to assure the privacy and security of ilS users. While cities may not playa primary role in enforcing laws that govern privacy, they can be active participants in the policy debate. Policy Statement - The League supports the fOllowing principles that go_em the issi.J/lS of privacy and security for COnsUme~ of advanced telecommunications s/lIViceJ: Protectiol'! and reliable identification of the "digital signature" that identifies the sender and recipient of electronic transactions Transaction security for financial and other personr;;;J transactions / Concrol over ,he sale of subscriber illformation Freedom of choice in the USe of encryptir;m technology to ensure privacy and security ~ r-