HomeMy WebLinkAboutTC Digest 2009-05-14TOWN COUNCIL WEEKLY DIGEST
Week of May 8 - May 14, 2009
Tiburon
1. Memo - Laurie Tyler - Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report
2. Notice of Pub.Hearing - Intent to Adopt Neg. Dec. - Zoning Ordinance
3. Letter - Laurie Tyler - Annual Gen. Plan Implementation Status Report 2009
4. Letter - Bruce Breitman - 604 Ridge Road Gate Lights & Fence
5. Letter - Ritter House - Art Houses
Agendas & Minutes
6. Minutes - Design Review Board - 4/16/09
7. Minutes - Planning Commission - 4/22/09
8. Action Minutes - Design Review Board - 5/7/09
9. Action Minutes - Planning Commission - 5/13/09
10. Agenda - Belvedere/Tiburon Jt. Disaster Advisory Council - 5/19/09
11. Agenda - Design Review Board - 5/21/09
12. Meeting Cancellation - Town Council - 5/20/09
Regional
a) Seminar Announcement - UCLA - Public Policy Programs
b) Transactions - MTC Newsletter - April/May 2009 *
c) Invitation - EAH Housing 2009 Annual Dinner -June 2, 2009
d) Great Age - Newsletter -Mann Commission on Aging - Spring 2009
e) Northbay Water Reuse Authority - Notice of Availability - Draft EIR
Agendas & Minutes
f) Agenda, Minutes & Schedule of Meetings - ABAG Executive Board -5/21/09
* Council Only
Date:
To:
From:
Subject:
TOWN OF TIBURON
1505 Tiburon Boulevard
Tiburon, CA 94920
May 14, 2009
Peggy Curran, Town Manager
Laurie Tyler, Associate Planner
Tiburon Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report
DIGEST
The attached Town of Tiburon 2005 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory is the result of a year-
long effort, with the assistance of ICLEI, to inventory greenhouse gas emissions from the Tiburon
community and local government operations. As an important first step in the Town's climate
protection initiative, this inventory is essential to establishing a baseline emission inventory
against which to measure future progress. The report also provides a detailed understanding of
where the highest emissions are coming from, and, therefore, where the greatest opportunities for
emissions reductions lie.
The inventories in this report follow two standards, one for government operations emissions and
one for community emissions. The community emissions inventory, which categorizes emissions
in the residential, commercial/industrial, transportation, and waste sectors, follows the standard
outlined in the draft International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP).
The Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP), adopted in 2008 by the California Air
Resources Board (CARB), serves as the national standard for quantifying and reporting
greenhouse emissions from local government operations.
Government operations emissions have been categorized according to six primary sectors:
buildings; lighting, streetlights and traffic signals; water delivery facilities such as irrigation
systems and water pumps; vehicle fleet, including police and public works vehicles; government-
generated solid waste, including public trash cans and street sweepings; and employee commute.
As recommended by ICLEI, this inventory utilizes 2005 as the baseline year, as this year is
increasingly becoming the standard for such inventories. Due to lack of data, the 1990 baseline
year utilized by the State of California is usually too difficult for most local governments to meet
and would not produce the most accurate inventory.
In reviewing the GHG Inventory Report, it is important to remember that these figures are
approximations. As with many Marin municipalities, obtaining much of the data for this
inventory report was not simple, and therefore some of the data has been extrapolated from data
that did exist. If there is an item that you would like clarification on, I would be happy to contact
our ICLEI representative to obtain that clarification.
lb~~ n of -1 hurnn
May 14.'009
Key Findings
Tiburon government operations produced approximately 389 metric tons of C02e in 2005, about
0.7 % of total community emissions. The vehicle fleet sector was the greatest source of
community greenhouse gas emissions in 2005, producing 128 metric tons of C02e, or 33.0 % of
total government operations emissions. The breakdown of government operations emissions in
shown in Figure A below.
Tiburon's community produced approximately 53,143 metric tons of C02e in 2005.
The Transportation sector was the greatest source of community greenhouse gas emissions in
2005 - producing 23,453 metric tons of C02e, or 44.1 % of total community emissions.
Transportation sector emissions are the result of diesel and gasoline combustion in vehicles
traveling on both local roads, and state highways that pass through the jurisdictional boundaries
of Tiburon.
The Residential Sector, which inventories emissions generated from electricity and natural gas
consumption, is the second largest producer of emissions at 22,515 metric tons of C02e, or
42.4% of the total community emissions. The breakdown of community emissions is shown in
Table B below.
G H G IVA'[:N I OR) RC PORT
Tm n of -I IhLlmn
May la. 2009
Forecast
To illustrate the potential emissions growth based on projected trends in energy use, driving
habits, job growth, and population growth from the baseline year going forward, this report
includes an emissions forecast for the year 2020. Under a business-as-usual scenario, Tiburon's
emissions will grow by approximately 13.8 percent by the year 2020, from 53,143 to 60,500
metric tons COze. -
Next Steps
The inventory represents the first step in a systems approach to reducing Tiburon's emissions.
This system, developed by ICLEI, is as follows:
1. Conduct a baseline emissions inventory and forecast
2. Adopt an emissions reduction target for the forecast year
3. Develop a local climate action plan
4. Implement the climate action plan
5. Monitor progress and report results
As the process suggests, the Town's next step is to adopt an emissions reduction target for the
year 2020. AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, requires California to reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. However, the recently approved Climate
Change Proposed Scoping Plan does not require local governments to track greenhouse gas
emissions or to meet the state reduction target; instead, CARB "encourages" local governments to
use the adopted protocols to track emissions and progress in reducing emissions and "encourages
local governments to adopt a reduction goal for municipal operations emissions and move toward
establishing similar goals for community emissions that parallel the State commitment to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 15 percent from current levels by 2020."I
In collaboration with members of the Marin Climate & Energy Partnership (MCEP), staff is
currently developing a draft climate action plan that will propose specific programs to reduce
both local government and community greenhouse gas emissions. The draft plan will include
emissions reduction estimates for each proposed program, enabling the Council to select and
prioritize emissions reduction programs. It will also set an overall reduction target goal to reduce
our greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2020. Staff anticipates that the climate action plan will
be ready for Council review in the fall/winter.
'California Air Resource Board, "Climate Change Proposed Scoping Plan," October 2008, p. 27,
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/document/psp.pdf, accessed 2/2/09.
GHG Im I-N o1z) izrl,oiz I Page 3 of 3
E _I
Credits and Acknowledgements
Tiburon
Laurie Tyler, Associate Planner, Community Development Department
Heidi Bigall, Director of Administrative Services
Nick Nguyen, Director of Public Works/Town Engineer
Joel Brewer, Superintendent of Public Works
County of Marin
Dawn Weisz, Sustainability Planner
Omar Pena, Assistant Planner
Mike Frost, Deputy Director of Public Works
Alex Soulard, Waste Management Specialist
Tim Rosenfeld, Director of Maria Energy Management Team
PG&E Contributors
Lynne Galal, Senior Project Manager
Corie Cheeseman, Program Manager
Waste Hauler Name
Mill Valley Refuse Service, Jennifer Dami, Finance Manager
Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC)
Benjamin Espinoza, Transportation Planner
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD)
Ana Sandoval, Senior Policy Advisor
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability USA
Alison Culpen, Program Associate
Michael Currey, Webmaster
Alden Feldon, California Manager
Don Knapp, Communications Officer
Wesley Look, Program Officer
Kim Lundgren, US Services Director
Annie Strickler, Communications Director
Jonathan Strunin, Program Officer
Melissa Stults, Senior Program Officer
Thk rrnnrr tpRl I.tP wac nrnviriarl I,v ICI PI-I nral rnvPrnmPnfc fnr Snctainahiliht I C L E I
U.S.A. I Local
Governments
L for Sustainability
Michelle Wyman, Executive Director
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability is a membership association of 1,000 local governments worldwide-
500 in the United States-committed to advancing climate protection and sustainability. Through technical
expertise, direct support, and the innovation and evolution of tools, ICLEI strives to empower local governments to
set and achieve their emissions reduction and sustainability goals.
http://www.icleiusa.org
Town of Tiburon • 1505 Tiburon Boulevard • Tiburon, CA 94920 • P. 415.435.7373 E 415.435.2438 • www.ci.tiburon.ca.us
May 1, 2009
I am pleased to release the results of a comprehensive greenhouse gas
inventory for both Town government operations and the entire Town of Tiburon.
The inventory is the first step toward a comprehensive program of greenhouse
gas reduction as part of the effort to confront climate change and its potential
impacts.
While there is no substitute for federal action, all levels of government, every
household and each of us have a role to play in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. Local governments, in particular, can significantly reduce
greenhouse gas emissions in their communities through wiser land use
planning, building construction, and energy use and resource conservation.
By identifying the sources of greenhouse gases and forecasting future
greenhouse gas emissions under a "business-as-usual" scenario, the Town now
has the information it needs to set an aggressive emissions reduction target and
design strategies that will achieve that target.
Tiburon has already taken some important steps to curb greenhouse gas
emissions. In 2006, the Town installed solar panels on Town Hall to encourage
renewable energy use. The Town strongly supports the use of renewable
energy, as evidenced by offering reduced fees and easier permitting for
residential solar energy systems. The Town has already implemented a Green
Building Ordinance and an Energy Efficiency Ordinance, as well as programs to
reduce the number of vehicle trips that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
Through our Safe Routes to School grant, we are constructing and upgrading
pedestrian pathways and crosswalks along Tiburon Boulevard, and in the
vicinity of Del Mar Middle School that will encourage our residents to walk,
rather than drive their children to school. We are also upgrading and enhancing
three existing pathways within Town residential areas through the Non-
Motorized Transportation Pilot Project grant.
There is still much work to be done, but if we step up to the challenges and
opportunities that await us, we will ensure a better future for our children and
successive generations. It's up to us!
Cord,
ayor Alice Fredericks
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Inventory
1.2 Climate Change Background
1.3 Climate Change Mitigation Activities in Tiburon
1.3.1 Local Government Profile
1.3.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Actions
1. 4 The Marin Climate and Energy Partnership
2. Methodology
2.1 Analysis Parameters
2.1.1 Background
2.1.2 Baseline Years
2.1.3 Boundaries of GHG Inventory Analysis
2.1.4 Greenhouse Gases and Types of Emissions
2.1.5 Units Used in Reporting Emissions
2.1.6 Reporting Emissions: The Scopes Framework
2.1.7 Emissions Sectors
2.1.8 Significance Thresholds for Reporting Emissions
2.2 Quantifying Emissions
2.2.1 Quantification Methods
2.2.2 CACP Software
3. Government Operations Inventory
3.1 Government Operations Inventory Summary
3.1.1 Summary by Scope
3.1.2 Summary by Sector
3.1.3 Summary by Source
3.1.4 Summary of Energy-Related Costs
3.2 Government Operations Inventory Detail by Sector
3.2.1 Buildings and Other Facilities
3.2.2 Streetlights, Traffic Signals, and Other Public Lighting
3.2.3 Water Delivery Facilities
3.2.4 Vehicle Fleet
3.2.5 Solid Waste Generation
3.2.6 Employee Commute
4. Community Inventory
4.1 Community Inventory Summary
4.1.1 Summary by Scope
4.1.2 Summary by Sector
4.1.3 Summary by Source
4.1.4 Per Capita Emissions
4.2 Community Inventory Detail by Sector
4.2.1 Residential Sector
4.2.2 Commercial / Industrial Sector
4.2.3 Transportation Sector
4.2.4 Community Generated Solid Waste
4.3 Community Emissions Forecast
4.3.1 Residential
4.3.2 Commercial / Industrial
4.3.3 Transportation
4.3.4 Waste Generation
Conclusion
Appendices
A: IEAP Community Scopes Framework
B: Community Inventory Methodology Summary
C: Government Inventory methodology Summary
D: Example Employee Commute Survey
Climate change, caused by an increase in the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases, has been called one of
the greatest challenges facing society today. Potential climate change impacts in Northern California include:
declining water supplies, spread of disease, diminished agricultural productivity, sea level rise, and increased
incidence of wildfire, flooding, and landslides. In addition, the volatility of energy markets has roused concern, and
is forcing communities to think differently about their resources. Here, in the State of California --with Assembly
Bill 32, the Attorney General's efforts to mandate GHG reductions via CEQA, and other legislation-- policy
frameworks committed to the reduction of greenhouse gases have been created and are being implemented. Many of
the costs associated with these changes will be borne by local governments. However, local governments are in a
unique position to lead an intelligent and timely response to these challenges in a way that will keep them, and their
communities, ahead of market and regulatory trends. With decisive action on climate and energy matters, Tiburon
and its community will be strategically positioned to benefit and flourish in this emerging arena.
In joining the Marin Climate and Energy Partnership, Tiburon recognizes that climate change is a reality, and that
human activities are responsible for increasing the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases-the primary
drivers of climate change. Tiburon understands that climate change has the potential to significantly impact
Tiburon's residents and businesses, as well as other communities around the world. Tiburon also recognizes that
local governments play a strong role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the potential impacts of
climate change. A range of actions can dramatically reduce these emissions from the local community and
government operations including increasing energy efficiency in buildings and vehicle fleets, bolstering the use of
clean, renewable energy sources, establishing land use and transportation plans that reduce vehicle use, and
encouraging waste reduction. The benefits of these measures include lower energy bills, improved air quality,
economic development, reduced emissions, and an enhanced quality of life throughout the community. Tiburon has
begun its efforts to address the causes and effects of climate change with the assistance and partnership of the
members of Marin Climate and Energy Partnership (MCEP). These partners include the County of Marin, all I 1
municipal governments in the County of Marin, the Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD), the Transportation
Authority of Marin (TAM), the Marin Energy Management Team (MEMT), and ICLEI-Local Governments for
Sustainability.
The Tiburon recently completed this government operations and community-scale greenhouse gas emissions
inventory as an important first step in its climate protection initiative. These inventories are essential, as advised by
ICLEI, to establish:
• A baseline emissions inventory, against which to
measure future progress.
• An understanding of where the highest
percentages of emissions are coming from, and,
therefore, where the greatest opportunities for
emissions reductions lie.
This report contains the estimates of greenhouse gas
emissions in 2005 resulting from activities and operations
of Tiburon and also those taking place within the geographical boundaries of Tiburon.
Government operations emissions have been categorized according to six primary sectors:
1. Buildings and other facilities
2. Streetlights, traffic signals, and other public lighting
3. Water delivery facilities
4. Vehicle fleet
5. Government-generated solid waste
6. Employee commute
Community emissions have been categorized according to four primary sectors:
1. Residential
2. Commercial / Industrial'
' Emissions from government buildings are included as a subset of the Commercial / Industrial sector.
3. Transportation
4. Waste
Government Operations Inventory Results
In 2005, Tiburon operations emitted approximately 389 metric tons (tons) of C02e.2 As visible in Figure A and
Table A, the Vehicle Fleet was the largest emitter at 33 percent in 2005. Emissions from Employee Commutes
produced the second highest quantity of emissions, resulting in 28 percent of total Me; and Buildings and
Facilities produced 21 percent of total emissions. The remainder of emissions came from Waste (10 percent),
Lighting (8 percent), and Water/Sewage (less than 1 percent). Emissions from government operations produced
approximately 0.7 percent of total community emissions.
2 This number includes all Scope I emissions from the on-site combustion of fuels in facilities and vehicles, Scope 2 emissions
from the purchase of electricity, and Scope 3 emissions from waste generated by local government operations and emissions
associated with employee commute patterns.
Table A: 2005 Government Operations Emissions by Sector
Lighting
31
7.8%
445
$14,487.00 15.7%
Water / Sewage
0.04
0.00/0
1
$379.00 0.4%
Waste
38
9.9%
0
- 0.0%
Emnlovee Commute
110
28.3%
1.418
0.00/0
Community Inventory Results
In 2005, the Tiburon community emitted approximately 53,143 metric tons of Me. As shown in Figure B and
Table B below, the Transportation Sector was the largest source of emissions, generating approximately 23,453
metric tons of C02e, or 44 percent of total 2005 emissions. Transportation sector emissions are the result of diesel
and gasoline combustion in vehicles traveling on both local roads, and state highways that pass through the
jurisdictional boundaries of Tiburon. Electricity and natural gas consumption within the Residential Sector, the
second greatest source of 2005 emissions, generated 22,515 metric tons C02e, or 42 percent of the total. Similarly,
electricity and natural gas use in Tiburon's Commercial / Industrial Sector produced 5,036 metric tons COZe, or 10
percent of total community emissions. The remaining 4 percent (2,138 metric tons) are the estimated future methane
emissions that will result from the decomposition of waste that was generated by the Tiburon community during
2005.
Buildings 82 21.0% 1,254 $42,031.56 45.4%
Vehicle Fleet 128 33.0% 1.766 $35,588.52 38.5%
Commercial / Industrial 5,036 9.5% 79,211
_Transportation 23,453 - 44.1% 320,709
Waste 2.138 4.0% 0
The first step toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions is to identify sources of emissions and establish baseline
levels. This information can later inform the selection of a reduction target and possible reduction measures to be
included in the climate action plan.
Key Findings
Government Operations
a The Town of Tiburon's government operations produced approximately 389 metric tons of C02e in 2005,
0.7 percent of total community emissions.
a The Vehicle Fleet Sector was the greatest source of government greenhouse gas emissions in 2005 -
producing 128 metric tons of C02e, or 33 percent of total government emissions.
a The Employee Commute Sector was the second greatest source of government greenhouse gas emissions -
producing 1 10 metric tons of C02e, or 28 percent of total government emissions.
a The Buildings and Facilities Sector produced 82 metric tons of C02e, or 21 percent of government
emissions.
a The Waste Sector produced 38 metric tons of CO2e, or 10 percent of government emissions.
a The Lighting Sector produced 31 metric tons of C02e, or 8 percent of government emissions.
a The Water / Sewage Sector was the smallest source of government greenhouse gas emissions - producing
0.04 metric tons C02e, representing less than one percent of total government emissions.
Community-wide Emissions
0 Tiburon's community produced approximately 53,143 metric tons of C02e in 2005.
Residential 22,515 42.4% 390,171
• The Transportation Sector was the greatest source of community greenhouse gas emissions in 2005 -
producing 23,453 metric tons of COze, or 44 % of total community emissions.
• The Residential Sector was almost as great a source of community greenhouse gas emissions as
transportation - producing 22,515 metric tons of COze, or 42 percent of community emissions.
The Commercial / Industrial Sector were the third greatest source of community emissions - producing
5,036 metric tons of COZe, or 10 percent of community emissions.
• The Waste Sector produced the least amount of greenhouse gases- 2,138 metric tons of COze, or 4 percent
of total community emissions.
Ai*.:.~~~i~
1.1 Purpose of Inventory
The objective of this greenhouse gas emissions inventory is to identify the sources and quantify the volumes of
greenhouse gas emissions resulting from governmental operations as well as activities and operations taking place
throughout the community of Tiburon in 2005. This inventory serves two purposes:
• It creates an emissions baseline against which Tiburon can set emissions reductions targets and measure
future progress.
• It allows an understanding of where the highest percentages of emissions are generated in Tiburon's
internal operations as well as in the community, and, therefore, identifies the greatest opportunities for
emissions reductions.
While Tiburon has already begun to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its actions (See Section 1.3 for more
detail), this inventory represents the first step in a systems approach to reducing Tiburon's emissions. This system,
developed by ICLEI, is called the Five Milestone Process, and is utilized by over 500 local governments in the U.S.
to structure their climate protection efforts. The process is as follows:
• Milestone 1:
Conduct a baseline emissions inventory and forecast
• Milestone 2:
Adopt an emissions reduction target for the forecast year
• Milestone 3:
Develop a local climate action plan
• Milestone 4:
Implement the climate action plan
• Milestone 5:
Monitor progress and report results
Figure 1.1: The ICLEI Five Milestone Process
Leadership
Commitment
Milestone 1
Inventory
Emissions
Milestone 2
Establish Target
V
Milestone 5 Milestone 3
Monitor/Evaluate Develop Climate
Progress Action Plan
Milestone 4
Implement Climate
Action Plan
1.2 Climate Change Background
A balance of naturally occurring gases dispersed in the atmosphere determines the Earth's climate by trapping solar
radiation. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Overwhelming evidence suggests that human
activities are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing a rise in global average
surface temperature and consequent climate change. Modern human activity--most notably the burning of fossil
fuels for transportation, electricity and heat generation--introduces large amounts of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Collectively, these gases intensify the
natural greenhouse effect, causing
global average surface temperatures to
rise, which affects local and global
climate patterns. These changes in
climate are forecasted to manifest
themselves in a number of ways that
might impact Tiburon, such as rising
sea levels and changes in the salinity
and behavior of the San Francisco
Bay, as well as other changes to local
and regional weather patterns and
species migration.
Beyond the local community, scientists also expect changing temperatures to result in more frequent and damaging
storms accompanied by flooding and land slides, summer water shortages as a result of reduced snow pack, and
disruption of ecosystems, habitats, and agricultural activities. In response to the threat of climate change,
communities worldwide are voluntarily reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Many communities in the United States
are taking responsibility for addressing climate change at the local level. Since many of the major sources of
greenhouse gas emissions-fuel consumption in personal vehicles, energy consumption in buildings, organic waste
decomposition in landfills-are directly or indirectly controlled through local policies, local governments have a
primary role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within their jurisdictional boundaries. Through the use of
proactive measures around sustainable land use patterns, transportation demand management, energy efficiency,
renewable energy, green building, and waste diversion, local governments can dramatically reduce emissions in
their communities. In addition, as the effects of climate change become more common and severe, local government
adaptation policies will be fundamental in preserving the welfare of local residents and businesses.
Figure 1.2: The Greenhouse Effect
1.3 Climate Change Mitigation Activities in Tiburon
1.3.1 Tiburon Profile
Tiburon is a town of 4.5 square miles, located in Marin County in the San Francisco Bay Area. According to the
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), in 2005 the Tiburon population was 8,700, and there were
approximately 3,750 households located in Tiburon. Included as an indicator of commercial activity, the number of
jobs within Tiburon in 2005 was 2,870. Tiburon is located in Climate Zone 3 and, in 2005, experienced an estimated
3,649 Heating Degree Days and 292 Cooling Degree Days.3
Table 1.1: Tiburon Profile Chart
In 2005, Tiburon provided the following core services, which have been identified as having an impact on
greenhouse gas emission levels:
Table 1.2: Tiburon Services
Water Treatment
Solid Waste Collection
Water Distribution
Solid Waste Disposal (Iandfill)
Wastewater Treatment
Hospitals
Wastewater Collection
Airport
Electric Utility
Seaport / Shipping Terminal
Fire Protection
Marina
Police
X Stadiums/Sports Venues
Mass Transit (buses)
Convention Center
Mass Transit (light rail)
Street Lighting and Traffic Signals X
Mass Transit (ferries)
Natural Gas Utility
Schools (primary/secondary)
Other
Schools (colleges and universities)
These services and others, and the facilities and equipment that are instrumental in the delivery of these services, are
the focus of this greenhouse gas emissions inventory. There are a number of opportunities for reducing emissions
from government operations, many of which have added benefits of reducing government operating costs and
improving workplace efficiency.
3 Climate Zone information was provided by ICLEI and derived from the US DOE at:
http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/ResourceCenter/dbimages/f ill/973.jpg
and
http://www.energycodes.gov/implement/pdfs/climate_paper review_draft_rev. pdf
4.5 sq mi 8,700 9.8 Million 27 3 3,649 292
1.3.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Actions
On a municipal level, Tiburon has taken strides to reduce impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. In 2006, the Town
installed solar panels on the roof of Town Hall in order to reduce our overall energy usage. The Town also adopted
a green building ordinance and an energy efficiency ordinance in 2008. In terms of fleet, the Town purchased its
first hybrid vehicle in the spring of 2009, and aims to purchase more in the future.
Currently the Town is working towards obtaining funding to install solar panels on the roof of the police department
building and is also looking towards construction of a new LEED certified corporation yard.
1.4 The Marin Climate and Enerav Partnershi
The Marin Climate and Energy Partnership is a collaborative effort of the County of Marin, the 1 1 municipal
governments of Marin, the Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD) and the Transportation Authority of Marin
(TAM). Planning for the establishment of the Marin Climate and Energy Partnership was initiated in early 2007
under the auspices of Joint Venture Marin and ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability. In March of 2007,
leaders from Joint Venture Marin, Marin Municipal Water District, and the County of Marin submitted a request for
planning funds from the Marin Community Foundation, for the purpose of convening cities and public agency
partners. This work was being developed alongside ICLEI's multi-year engagement of Marin local governments on
climate and energy matters, and the two efforts came together to convene the Partnership. In October of 2007,
representatives of all I 1 Maria cities, the County, and MMWD agreed to jointly:
• Develop the mission, work plan, and structure of the Marin Climate & Energy Partnership
• Apply for a $75,000 grant from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) for the purpose
of hiring a Climate Action Director
• Provide support in the amount of $2,000 from each member.
• Work together with other member jurisdictions to identify the resources needed to sustain the Climate
Action Director position in FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11
The Climate Action Director was hired in September of 2008, and has begun working with the MCEP jurisdictions
to identify near-term opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Marin Climate and Energy Partnership
jurisdictions have also been working closely with ICLEI to complete this greenhouse gas emissions inventory, and
to begin considering options for comprehensive climate action planning efforts to be undertaken in 2009.
3
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2.1 Analysis Parameters
The inventories in this report follow two standards, one for government operations emissions and one for
community emissions. As local governments all over the world continue to rapidly join the climate protection
movement, the need for common conventions and a standardized approach to quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions is more pressing than ever. The community emissions inventory follows the standard outlined in the draft
International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (LEAP). ICLEI has been developing this
guidance since the inception of its Cities for Climate Protection Campaign in 1993, and has recently formalized
version 1 of the IEAP as a means to set a common framework for all local governments worldwide. ICLEI is also
working with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) to
leverage the IEAP in establishing a community GHG protocol specifically for California local governments. The
pending community protocol will serve as a corollary to the recently adopted Local Government Operations
Protocol (LGOP). The LGOP, which was adopted in 2008 by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), serves as
the national standard for quantifying and reporting greenhouse emissions from local government operations.
2.1.1 Background
International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP)
ICLEI had developed the International Local Government GHG Protocol (IEAP) to provide an easily implemented
set of guidelines to assist local governments in quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions from both their internal
operations and from the whole communities within their geopolitical boundaries. By developing common
conventions and a standardized approach, ICLEI seeks to make it easier for local governments to achieve tangible
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
The IEAP states that "an emissions inventory should comprise two parallel analyses for a chosen analysis year, one
for local government operations and one for emissions from all sectors in the community, determined by the
geopolitical boundary of jurisdiction." This report details the findings from Tiburon's community and government
operations.
Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP)
In 2008, ICLEI, CARB, and the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) released the LGOP to serve as a
national appendix to the IEAP. The purpose of the LGOP is to provide the principles, approach, methodology, and
procedures needed to develop a local government operations greenhouse gas emissions inventory. It leads
participants through the process of accurately reporting emissions, including providing calculation methodologies
and reporting guidance. The LGOP guidance is divided into three main parts: identifying emissions to be included
in the inventory, quantifying emissions using best available estimation methods, and reporting emissions.
The overarching goal of the LGOP is to allow local governments to develop emissions inventories using standards
that are consistent, comparable, transparent, and recognized nationally, ultimately enabling the measurement of
emissions over time. The LGOP was created only to standardize how emissions inventories are conducted and
reported; it represents a currently accepted standard for inventorying emissions and does not contain any legislative
or program-specific requirements. Mandates by the State of California or any other legislative body, while possibly
using the LGOP as a standard, do not currently exist, and local governments are not currently required to inventory
their emissions. Program-specific requirements, such as ICLEI's Milestones or CCAR's reporting protocol, are
addressed in the LGOP but should not be confused with the LGOP itself.
Also, while the LGOP standardizes inventories from government operations, it does not seek to be a wholly
accurate inventory of all emissions sources, as certain sources are currently excluded or otherwise impossible to
accurately estimate. This and all emissions inventories therefore represent a best estimate of emissions, using best
available data and calculation methodologies outlined in the LGOP; it does not provide a complete picture of all
emissions resulting from the Town's operations, and emissions estimates are subject to change as better data and
calculation methodologies become available in the future.
2.1.2 Baseline Years
A primary aspect of the emissions inventory process is the requirement to select a "performance datum," with which
to compare current emissions, or a base year. Local governments should examine the range of data they have over
time and select a year that has the most accurate and complete data for all key emission sources. It is also preferable
to establish a base year several years in the past to be able to account for the emissions benefits of recent actions. A
local government's emissions inventory should comprise all greenhouse gas emissions occurring during a selected
calendar year.
This inventory utilizes 2005 as the baseline year, as this year is increasingly becoming the standard for such
inventories. The 1990 baseline year for the State of California is usually too difficult for most local governments to
meet and would not produce the most accurate inventory.
After setting a base year and conducting an emissions inventory for that year, local governments should make it a
practice to complete a comprehensive emissions inventory on a regular basis to compare to the baseline year. ICLEI
recommends conducting and emissions inventory at least every five years.
2.1.3 Boundaries of GHG Inventory Analysis
Community: Geopolitical Boundary
Setting an organizational boundary for greenhouse gas emissions accounting and reporting is an important step in
the inventory process. As stated above, the community inventory assesses emissions resulting from activities taking
place within the geopolitical boundary of Tiburon. The IEAP defines geopolitical boundary as that "consisting of
the physical area or region over which the local government has jurisdictional authority." Activities that occur
within the community boundary can be controlled or influenced by jurisdictional policies, educational programs and
establishing a precedent. Although some local governments may have only limited influence over the level of
emissions from some activities, it is important that every effort be made to compile a complete analysis of all
activities that result in the emission of greenhouse gases.
Within the geopolitical boundaries of a Tiburon, emissions are organized according to where they fall relative to
those boundaries. There are two primary metrics of internal categorization: 1) scopes, and 2) sectors.
Government: Organizational Boundaries
Under the LGOP, two control approaches are used for reporting emissions: operational control or financial control.
A local government has operational control over a facility if it has full authority to introduce and implement its
operating policies at the facility. A local government has financial control if the operation is fully consolidated in
financial accounts. If a local government has joint control over an operation, the contractual agreement will have to
be examined to see who has authority over operating policies and implementation, and thus the responsibility to
report emissions under operational control.4 Local governments must choose which approach is the most applicable
and apply this approach consistently throughout the inventory.
While both control approaches are acceptable, there may be some instances in which the choice may determine
whether a source falls inside or outside of a local government's boundary. It should be noted that the LGOP
strongly encourages local governments to utilize operational control. Operational control is believed to most
accurately represent emissions' sources that local governments can most directly influence and is consistent with
other environmental and air quality reporting program requirements.
2.1.4 Greenhouse Gases and Types of Emissions
According to both the IEAP and the LGOP, local governments should assess emissions of all six internationally
recognized greenhouse gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol (see Table 2.1 below). Local governments are
encouraged to quantify greenhouse gases beyond these six, however neither the LEAP, nor LGOP provides guidance
on quantifying or reporting emissions from other gases. As quantifying emissions beyond the three primary GHGs
(C02, CHa, and NZO) can be quite difficult, ICLEI has also created a means for local governments to produce a
simplified inventory that is otherwise in accordance with the methodology of the IEAP and LGOP, and is focused
Please see Local Government Operations Protocol for more detail on defining your organizational boundary:
htti)://www.icleiusa.orWprograms/climate/ghg-protocol
on primary policy options associated with climate protection. This alternate approach is what is referred to as the
Quick Action Report. This is the standard followed in this particular inventory.
Table 2.1: Greenhouse Gases
Carbon Dioxide
CO,
Combustion
I
Combustion, Anaerobic Decomposition of Organics
Methane
C114
(Landfills, Wastewater), Fuel Handling _
21
Nitrous Oxide
N2O
Combustion, Wastewater Treatment
310
Hydrofluorocarbons
Various
Leaked Refrigerants, Fire Suppressants
43-11,700
Aluminum Production, Semiconductor Manufacturing,
Perfluorocarbons
Various
HVAC Equipment Manufacturing
6,500-9,000
Sulfur Hexafluoride
SF6
Transmission and Distribution of Power
23,900
2.1.5 Units Used in Reporting Emissions
The IEAP and the LGOP require reporting of individual gas emissions, and this reporting is included in Appendix
B: Community Inventory Methodology Summary and Appendix C: Government Inventory Methodology Summary.
In this narrative report, emissions from all gases released by an emissions source (e.g. stationary combustion of
natural gas in facilities) are combined and reported in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e). This
standard is based on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of each gas, which is a measure of the amount of
warming a greenhouse gas may cause, measured against the amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide. See
Table 2.1 above for the GWPs of the gases discussed in this section.
2.1.6 Reporting Emissions: The Scopes Framework
For both community and government operations, emissions sources are also categorized according to where they
fall relative to the geopolitical boundary of the community, or the operational boundaries of the government.
Emissions sources are categorized as direct or indirect emissions--Scope 1, Scope 2, or Scope 3-- in accordance
with the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development's Greenhouse
Gas Protocol Corporate Standard. The standard is to report emissions by scope as a primary reporting framework.'
Community Scope Definitions
The Scopes framework identifies three emissions scopes for community emissions:
Scope 1: All direct emissions from sources located within the geopolitical boundary of the local government.
5 Another common reporting framework is emissions by sector: See Section 2.1.7-Emisiions Sectors for details
Scope 2: Indirect emissions associated with the consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heating,
and cooling. Scope 2 emissions occur as a result of activities that take place within the geopolitical boundary of the
local government, but that occur at sources located outside of the government's jurisdiction.
Scope 3: All other indirect or embodied emissions not covered in Scope 2, that occur as a result of activity within
the geopolitical boundary.
Scope 1 and Scope 2 sources are the most essential components of a commmnity greenhouse gas analysis. This is
because these sources are typically the most significant in scale, and are most easily impacted by local policy
making. The IEAP also includes, in its Global Reporting Standard, the reporting of Scope 3 emissions associated
with the decomposition of solid waste and sewage waste-water produced within the geopolitical boundaries of the
local government.
Fiaure 2.1 - Emissions Scooes
Chapter 4.
Government Scope Definitions
Similar to the community framework, the government scopes are divided into three main categories:
Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources within a local government's organizational boundaries that the local
government owns or controls.
Source: WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition),
Scope 2: Indirect emissions associated with the consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heating,
and cooling. Scope 2 emissions occur as a result of activities that take place within the organizational boundaries of
the reporting entity, but that occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity
Scope 3: All other indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions from up-stream and downstream
activities that occur as a result of activities within the operational boundaries of the local government, emissions
resulting from the extraction of and production of purchased materials and fuels, contracted services, and waste
disposal.
As with the commmiity inventory, Scope I and Scope 2 sources are the most essential components of a local
greenhouse gas analysis. This is because these sources are usually significant in scale and are directly under the
control of local governments. According to the LGOP all Scope 1 and Scope 2 categories must be included when
conducting an emissions inventory.
Scope 3 emissions comprise all other sources of emissions. Scope 3 emissions can be more challenging to estimate.
Local governments may only have indirect control over these emissions, or there may be unique circumstances
surrounding the emissions. For example, solid waste generated from government operations is included as Scope 3
in the LGOP because of the unique circumstances in which emissions are generated-emissions from waste are
generated over time as the waste decomposes and not directly in the base year. The LGOP encourages local
governments to conduct as complete an analysis as is practicable, but distinguishes Scope 3 emissions sources so
that local governments can prioritize their efforts and appropriately categorize emissions sources according to where
the emissions occur, the relative magnitude of the emissions, and which entity is responsible for the emissions. In
this inventory, the Scope 3 emission sources include tailpipe emissions from employee commute and government-
generated waste. The LGOP does not provide methods for estimating Scope 3 emissions, and ICLEI has estimated
these emissions using methods derived from various accepted standards.
Scopes and Double Counting
One of the most important reasons for using the scopes framework for reporting greenhouse gas emissions at the
local level is to prevent double counting for major categories such as electricity use and waste disposal. If, for
example, all of the cities in a county decided to aggregate their emission inventories to create a county-level
government operations inventory without disaggregating scopes, the emissions from electricity and waste sectors
would be double counted if there were any power plants or active landfills located in the county. These inventories
use rollup numbers (emissions added across scopes), but are very clear to identify the types of emissions included in
the rollup numbers. ICLEI strongly encourages local governments to do the same whenever they report a rollup
number as they can be very misleading and easily misquoted by policymakers or others when referring to the
inventory.
2.1.7 Emissions Sectors
In addition to categorizing emissions by scope, ICLEI recommends that local governments examine their emissions
in the context of the sector that is responsible for those emissions. Many local governments will find a sector-based
analysis more directly relevant to policy making and project management, as it assists in formulating sector-specific
reduction measures and climate action plan components.
Community Sectors
The IEAP outlines the following sectors, in accordance with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC):
Stationary Combustion: Including, utility delivered fuel consumption at stationary sites (Scope 1), utility delivered
electricity / heat consumption at stationary sites (Scope 2), decentralized fuel consumption at stationary sites (e.g.
propane, kerosene, stationary diesel from small vendors) (Scope 1), utility consumed fuel for electricity / heat
generation (Scope 1), etc.
Mobile Combustion: Including, tailpipe emissions from vehicles traveling on roads within the geopolitical
boundary of the local government (Scope 1), tailpipe emissions from off-road vehicles operating within the
geographical boundaries (Scope 1), rail traffic occurring within geographical boundaries (Scopel marine
transportation occurring between two jurisdictions (Scope 3), etc.
Fugitive and Other Energy Emissions: Including, leaked natural gas from distribution infrastructure located
within geopolitical boundaries (Scope 1), leaked refrigerants from residential and commercial / industrial facilities
(Scope 1), etc.
Industrial Processes and Product Use: Including, non-energy related emissions generated in the production of
cement (Scope 1), in the refining of fuels (Scope 1), in the processing of coal (Scope 1), etc.
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use: Including, emissions from the use of nitrogenous fertilizers (Scope
1), methane emissions from livestock farms (Scope 1), negative net biogenic carbon flux (Scope 3), etc.
Waste: Including fugitive methane emissions at landfills (Scope 1), fugitive methane and nitrous oxide emissions at
waste water treatment facilities (Scope 1), estimated future emissions associated with base year waste disposal
(Scope 3), etc.
In most cases, analysis and the facilitation of decision making will be enhanced by further subdividing these sectors
in a manner consistent with the way that the local government is accustomed to considering their community and
policy setting roles. It is not mandatory that a local government conduct an analysis of all sectors listed by the IPCC.
This emissions inventory contains the following sectors:
• Stationary Combustion
• Residential Sector
• Commercial / Industrial Sector
• Mobile Combustion
• Transportation Sector
• Waste
• Waste Generation
Government Sectors
The LGOP breaks emissions down into the following general sectors:
• Facilities,
• Streetlights and traffic signals,
• Water delivery facilities,
• Vehicle fleet,
• Power generation facilities,
• Solid waste facilities,
• Wastewater treatment facilities,
• Port facilities,
• Airport facilities,
• Other process and fugitive emissions from special operations, and
• Information items (to be quantified yet not included as Scope I , 2, or 3 emissions).
This particular inventory includes the following sectors:
• Buildings and facilities,
• Streetlights and traffic signals,
• Water and sewage delivery facilities, and
• Vehicle fleet.
Additionally, this report includes the following two Scope 3 sectors in the government operations inventory:
• Government Generated Waste
• Employee Commute
2.1.8 Significance Thresholds for Reporting Emissions
Within any community or local government's operations there will be emission sources that fall within Scope 1 and
Scope 2 that are minimal in magnitude and difficult to accurately measure. At the local government level, rarely
used backup generators and fugitive emissions from a fleet maintenance facility are two examples. For these small,
difficult to quanta emission sources, the LGOP specifies that up to five percent of total emissions can be reported
using estimation methods not outlined in the LGOP.
2.2 Quantifvinla Emissions
2.2.1 Quantification Methods
Emissions can be quantified in two ways
Measurement-based methodologies refer to the direct measurement of greenhouse gas emissions (from a
monitoring system) emitted from a flue of a power plant, wastewater treatment plant, landfill, or industrial facility
This methodology is not generally available for most types of emissions and will only apply to a few local
governments that have these monitoring systems.
The majority of the emissions recorded in this inventory have been calculated using calculation-based
methodologies to calculate emissions using activity data and emission factors. To calculate emissions accordingly,
the basic equation below is used:
Activity Data x Emission Factor = Emissions
Activity Data
Activity data refer to the relevant measurement of energy use or other greenhouse gas-generating processes such as
fuel consumption by fuel type, metered annual electricity consumption, and annual vehicle miles traveled. Please
see appendices for detailed listing of the activity data used in composing this inventory.
Emission Factors
Emission factors are used to convert energy usage or other activity data into associated emissions quantities. They
are usually expressed in terms of emissions per unit of activity data (e.g. Ibs C02/kWh). Please see Appendices B
and C for a listing of emissions factors used in this report. Table 2.2 demonstrates an example of common emission
calculations that use this formula.
Table 2.2: Basic Emissions Calculations
t
E
i
i
F
Emissions
Act iN it-N Data
Electricty Consumption (kWh)
ac
or
m
ss
ons
C02 emitted/kWh
C02 emitted
Natural Gas Consumption (therms)
C02 emitted/therm
C02 emitted
Gasoline/Diesel Consumption (galllons)
C02 emitted /gallon
C02 emitted
CH4, N20
CH4, N20
Vehicle Miles Traveled
emitted/mile
emitted
2.2.2 CACP Software
To facilitate local government efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ICLEI developed the Clean Air and
Climate Protection (CACP) software in partnership with the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program
Administrators (STAPPA), the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO)6, and Torrie Smith
and Associates. This software calculates emissions by combining emission factors with a range of activity data, such
as energy consumption and waste generation.' This is the primary tool used to calculate emissions for this report.
The CACP software is used by more than 500 U.S. cities and towns to quantify their greenhouse gas emissions.
However, it is important to note that precisely calculating emissions from energy use, fuel consumed, and waste
disposed is difficult. As with many emissions analyses and models, CACP depends on numerous assumptions, and
is limited by the quality of available data. With this in mind, it is useful to consider specific numbers generated by
CACP as an approximation of reality, rather than an exact value.
' Now the National Association of Clean Air Agencies (NACAA)
7 Please see Appendix B & C for a list of emission factors.
~7
14A
3.1 Government Operations Inventory Summary
In 2005, Tiburon's government operations produced approximately 389 metric tons of COze - 0.07 percent of total
community emissions. This number includes all Scope I emissions from the on-site combustion of fuels in facilities
and vehicles, Scope 2 emissions from the purchase of electricity generated outside Tiburon's borders, and Scope 3
emissions from waste generated by local government operations and employee commute patterns. It does not
include other Scope 3 emissions such as those from employee business travel, and energy used to produce goods
consumed by government operations--while not included in this rollup number, these emissions are caused
indirectly by the Town of Tiburon operations.8
As mentioned in Section 2.1, the LGOP requires reporting by emissions scope, and this analysis is included in
Section 3.1. In order to provide a useful policy discussion, this chapter also provides a breakdown of all emissions
by sector and source, rolling up and comparing emissions only as appropriate to avoid double counting.9
3.1.1 Summary by Scope
As shown in Table 3. 1, Scope 3 emissions constituted the largest amount of greenhouse gas emissions from
Tiburon's operations in 2005, totaling 148 metric tons of C02e. Scope 1 emissions constituted the second largest
amount (144 metric tons of COZe), and Scope 2 emissions totaled 97 metric tons of C02e.10
Scope 1 '
144
Natural Gas (Stationary Sources)
15
Gasoline (Mobile and Stationary Sources)
117
Diesel (Mobile and Stationary Sources)
12
Scope 2
97
Purchased Electricity
97
Scope3
148
Employee Commute
110
Government Generated Solid Waste
38
a In this report, this number will be used to represent "total" emissions.
9 When combining scopes it is possible to produce erroneous results if one is not careful. For example, if a government
generates the electricity that it consumes, there is a danger of counting emissions twice--as associated with both power
generation (Scope 1) and electricity consumption (Scope 2).
10 These emissions have not been totaled as this may result in double counting and a percentage is not significantly relevant to
forming emissions reduction policy. The summaries by sector and source have percentage breakdowns, as do individual
sources of emissions.
Table 3.1: 2005 Tiburon Government Emissions by
Scope 1 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's government operations produced 144 metric tons COze of Scope I greenhouse gas emissions. As
seen in Figure 3. 1, the largest percent (82 percent) of Scope I emissions resulted from mobile combustion of
gasoline by the Town's Vehicle Fleet (a small portion of gasoline consumption was stationary combustion by
facility generators). The second largest source of Scope 1 emissions was from the combustion of natural gas in
Town Buildings and Facilities, constituting 10 percent of Scope 1 emissions. The remaining Scope I emissions were
from mobile and stationary combustion of diesel fuel by the Vehicle Fleet, including stationary equipment (and a
small portion from facility generators).
Scope 2 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's government operations generated 97 metric tons of C02e in the form of Scope 2 emissions from
purchased electricity. All Scope 2 emissions in this inventory result from electricity consumption. Scope 2
government operations emissions are generated outside of Tiburon's operational boundaries, but are the result of
Tiburon's government operations, and therefore are counted as an integral part of the inventory.
Scope 3 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's government operations generated 148 metric tons of CO2e in the form of Scope 3 emissions.
Two types of Scope 3 emissions are included in this report: those from Tiburon's employee commute patterns, and
those from waste generated at government-operated facilities. While reporting of Scope 3 emissions is optional,
doing so enables Tiburon to develop innovative policy approaches for reducing greenhouse gases.
In 2005, 110 metric tons of COZe resulted from the consumption of fossil fuels by Tiburon employees in their
personal vehicles while commuting to and from work. The anaerobic decay of solid organic waste (paper, plant
debris, etc.) generated through Tiburon's operations in 2005 generated 38 metric tons of COze.
3.1.2 Summary by Sector
By better understanding the relative scale of emissions from each of the sectors, Tiburon can more effectively focus
emissions reductions strategies to achieve the greatest emissions reductions. For this reason, an analysis of
emissions by sector is included here, based on the total of 389 metric tons of C02e. The sectors included in this total
are the following:
Facilities Vehicle fleet
Public lighting Waste generation
Water delivery Employee commute
As visible in Figure 3.2 and Table 3.2, the Vehicle Fleet was the largest emitter 33 percent) in 2005. Emissions from
Employee Commutes produced the second highest quantity of emissions, resulting in 28 percent of total COze; and
Buildings and Facilities produced 21 percent of total emissions. The remainder of emissions came from Waste (10
percent), Lighting (8 percent), and Water/Sewage (less than 1 percent). Emissions from government operations
produced approximately 0.7 percent of total community emissions.
Waste 38 9.9%
3.1.3 Summary by Source
When considering how to reduce emissions, it is also helpful to look not only at which sectors are generating
emissions, but also at the specific raw resources and materials (gasoline, diesel, electricity, natural gas, solid waste,
etc.) whose use directly result in the release of greenhouse gases. Such analysis can help target resource
management in a way that will successfully reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Below is a summary of Tiburon's
government operations 2005 greenhouse gas emissions by fuel type or material, based upon the total government
operations emissions of 389 metric tons.
As shown in Figure 3.3, the greatest percentage of government emissions (53 percent) came from gasoline
combustion. The next highest percentage of emissions came from electricity (36 percent). The rest came from
natural gas combustion and diesel combustion (5 percent each).
Buildings 82 21.0%
Vehicle Fleet 128 33.0%
Lighting 31 7.8%
Water / Sewaee 0 0.0%
Table 3.3: 2005 Government Operations Emissions by
3.1.4 Summary of Energy-Related Costs
In addition to tracking energy consumption and generating emissions estimates, this report looks at the basic energy
costs of various government operations. During 2005, Tiburon's internal operations spent approximately $92,486 on
energy (electricity, natural gas, gasoline and diesel) for its buildings, streetlights and vehicles. Forty-five percent of
these energy expenses ($42,032) are the result of electricity and natural gas purchases from PG&E and fuels to
power facility generators. The Town spent approximately $35,589 on gasoline and diesel for the municipal fleet (39
Electricity 97 36.2%
Natural Gas , 15 5.4%
Gasoline 143 53.3%
percent of total costs)." Costs for PG&E provided energy for lighting and water delivery services were
approximately $14,487 and $379 respectively. Beyond reducing harmful greenhouse gases, any future reductions in
energy use will have the potential to reduce these costs, enabling Tiburon to reallocate limited funds toward other
municipal services or create a revolving energy loan fund to support future climate protection activities.
Table 3.4: 2005 Government Operations
Costs by Sector
Buildings
$42,032
Vehicle Fleet
$35,589
Lighting
$14,487
Water / Sewage
$379
Waste
-
Em to ee Commute
TOTAL
S92,486
3.2 Government Operations Inventory Detail by Sector
This section discusses the activities and types of emissions coming from government operations by taking a detailed
look at each primary sector. Again, the sectors included in this analysis are:
Facilities
Public lighting
Water delivery
Wastewater treatment
Vehicle fleet
Waste generation
Employee commute
" Expense records for gasoline and diesel purchases were not obtained for this report. Instead, expenses were estimated using
average annual fuel prices provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the California Energy
Commission.
3.2.1 Buildings and Other Facilities
Buildings and other facilities operated by local
governments produce a significant amount of
greenhouse gas emissions. In 2005, Tiburon
operated 4 major facilities, including Town Hall,
Police Station, Corporation Yard, and Marsh
Condominiums. It should be noted that the Marsh
Condo's are only reflected in the inventory
because they were unoccupied at the time, and the
Town paid for the electricity at these units.
Electricity consumption and the on-site
combustion of fuels such as natural gas were the most significant sources of 2005 greenhouse gas emissions from
Tiburon facilities.
In 2005, the operation of Tiburon facilities produced approximately 82 metric tons of C02e from all of these
sources. Tiburon spent approximately $42,031 in 2005 on the fuels and electricity that were the cause of these
emissions. Figure 3.5 depicts 2005 emissions per facility or department, and Table 3.5 shows estimated costs
associated with the activities that generated
these emissions. As discussed in Section 3.1,
emissions from facilities represent 21 percent
of "total" emissions from Tiburon operations
in 2005. Of total facility emissions, 81
percent came from the consumption of
electricity, 18 percent came from the
combustion of natural gas, and the remaining
(less than 1 percent) came from the
combustion of other fuels used by generators
(see Figure 3.4). 12
12 For a detailed description of the methodology and emission factors used in calculating the above numbers please see
Appendix A.
Table 3.5:
Facilities
Police Station
29
35.7%
105,120
838
12
$16,000
444
Corp Yard
9
11.5%
20,828
767
48
$4,019
154
Marsh Condo's
0
0.4%0
1,273
0
0
$147
4
Town Hall 43 52.5% 157,360 1,129 9 $21,865 651
3.2.2 Streetlights, Traffic Signals, and Other Public Lighting
The Town of Tiburon operates a range of public lighting, from traffic signals to
holiday lighting and park lighting. Electricity consumed in the operation of this
infrastructure is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
In 2005, public lighting in Tiburon consumed a total of 130,399 kWh, producing
approximately 31 metric tons COze. This represents 8 percent of total -
government emissions from Tiburon in 2005. There are a number of ways that
Tiburon can improve the efficiency of public lighting, reducing the amount of
greenhouse gas emissions being generated by Tiburon operations and saving
tax-payer dollars. Please refer to Table 3.6 to compare electricity consumption
across the various public lighting categories.
3.2.3 Water Delivery Facilities
This section addresses any facilities used for the
management and distribution of water, excluding
those pertaining to wastewater and sewage,
which are included in the Wastewater section
below. Typical systems included in the Water
Delivery Facilities section are: potable water
delivery pumps, sprinkler and irrigation controls,
and storm water management.
In 2005, Tiburon's water delivery consumed 180
kWh of electricity, causing approximately 0.04
metric tons of C02e from all of these sources, which represents less than one percent of total emissions from
government operations of the Town of Tiburon in 2005. Tiburon spent approximately $379 in 2005 on the fuels,
electricity and refrigerants that were the cause of these emissions. Table 3.7 shows emissions, consumption, and
costs associated with water and wastewater delivery.
Streetlights 28 92.7% 120,857 $13,005 412
Park Lights 2 7.3% 9.542 $1.482 33
3.2.4 Vehicle Fleet
The majority of jurisdictions use vehicles as an
integral part of their daily operations-from
maintenance trucks used for parks and recreation
to police cruisers and fire trucks. Combustion of
fuels produce significant quantities of emissions
within most local governments, and Tiburon will
be able to reduce its emissions by enacting
policies such as purchasing alternative fuel vehicles
ones, or removing vehicles from the fleet.
In 2005, Tiburon operated a fleet of
approximately 25 total, as well as a small
assortment of combustion equipment used
primarily for landscaping and maintenance.
Tiburon's vehicle fleet performed a number
of essential services, from building
inspection to public works maintenance
tasks. In 2005, the majority of vehicles in
the fleet were used by the Police
Department (15 vehicles) and Public Works
(7 vehicles and 3 stationary equipment).
The remaining vehicles were used by the
Building Division and Planning
Department.
The operation of Tiburon's fleet, in 2005, consumed approximately 1,091 gallons of diesel and 12,997 gallons of
gasoline, producing a total of 128 metric tons COZe, or 33 percent of total government emissions. On a gallon per
gallon basis, Tiburon's fleet consumed 92.3 percent gasoline and 7.7 percent diesel. As shown in Figure 3.6, 91
Irrigation / Sprinkler Systems 0.04 100.0% 180 $379 1
percent of Tiburon's fleet emissions came from gasoline and 9 percent from diesel, diesel being slightly more
carbon intensive than gasoline. Please see Figure 3.7 for a depiction of emissions per Town department.
Emissions from mobile combustion are the result of two separate processes. First, when fossil fuels (gasoline,
diesel, natural gas) combust, they release carbon dioxide as a product of the combustion process, and these
emissions are reported as Scope I. In addition, no combustion process results in a completely combusted fuel, and
Police Department 71 55.2% 7,847 0 19,773 986
Public Works 50 39.2% 4,345 1,091 13,784 679
Building Department 6 5.0% 733 0 1,847 92
Planninv Denartment 1 0.5% 73 0 183 9
two of the byproducts of incomplete combustion are methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). These emissions are
also considered Scope 1 emissions and are included in the final COze number for mobile combustion.
Scope 3 Emissions Sources
The LGOP designates a number of important sources of greenhouse gas emissions as Scope 3
emissions, encouraging local governments to inventory these emissions in order to provide a
more complete picture of emissions resulting from government operations. Of the many possible
Scope 3 emissions that could be quantified, ICLEI encouraged local governments (including
Tiburon) participating in the Marin Climate and Energy Partnership inventories to quantify
emissions resulting from vehicles driven by employees while commuting, and solid waste
generated during government operations.
Since the LGOP describes Scope 3 emissions as optional, it does not provide guidance on
recommended methods for quantifying these types of emissions. ICLEI therefore devised data
collection and calculation methods based upon previous experience and LGOP-recommended
methods for similar sectors.
3.2.5 Solid Waste Generation
Despite recent success with improving diversion rates
throughout California, our communities and government
operations have not yet reached "zero waste." Among
the solid waste routinely generated by government
buildings and operations, organic materials (including
paper, food scraps, plant debris, textiles, construction
waste, etc.) within the landfilled waste stream generate
methane (CH4) as they decay in the anaerobic
environment of a landfill. An estimated 75 percent of this methane is routinely captured via landfill gas collection
systems," however, a portion escapes into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. As such,
' Most commonly, captured methane gas is flared into the atmosphere, a process which converts the methane gas to levels of
COs commensurate with aerobic decomposition, effectively negating the anthropogenic impact on atmospheric greenhouse gas
concentration. Increasingly, landfill methane is being used to power gas-fired turbines as a carbon-neutral means of generating
electricity.
quantifying the amount of waste generated by government operations, and calculating the resulting greenhouse gas
emissions is an important component of a comprehensive emission inventory.
It is estimated that the waste disposed by government facilities in 2005 will cumulatively produce 1.83 metric tons
of methane gas, or 38 metric tons C02e. Please see Table 3.9 for a breakdown of emissions per facility.
3.3%
Public Works Corp Yard 28 71.8% 109
Fire Department 3 6.8% 10
Town Hall 3 6.6% 10
Fugitive methane emissions resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of municipal solid waste are a unique class
of indirect emissions, and therefore are classified as Scope 3 under the LGOP. These emissions are considered
indirect because they do not result at the point of waste generation (as with fuel combustion), but often in a landfill
located outside of Tiburon'sjurisdictional boundaries all together. These emissions are further differentiated from
Scope 2 indirect emissions (such as electricity), because they are not generated in the base year (as with electricity
generation) but over a lengthy decomposition period of about 100 years. Tiburon is in a unique position to reduce
emissions from government generated waste by decreasing material consumption and increasing recycling and
composting in government facilities.
3.2.6 Employee Commute
By the standard designated in the LGOP, the tailpipe emissions from passenger vehicles operated by municipal
employees traveling to and from work are considered indirect emissions and are reported under Scope 3 (CO2, N20,
and CH4). The LGOP encourages reporting these emissions, as the scale of emissions from employees commuting is
often relatively large when compared to the rest of government operations, and local governments do have the
ability to influence their employees' commute decisions through alternative commute policies.
Given the scale of emissions from employee commutes, local governments can see significant emissions reductions
by encouraging and creating incentives for alternatives to driving alone to work. Local governments all over the
country have developed effective programs for reducing emissions from the commute patterns of their employees,
Street Cans 4 11.4% 17
and therefore, employee commute emissions were included in this report as an area where Tiburon can make
significant progress towards greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
In 2005, employees commuting in vehicles to and from their jobs at Tiburon emitted approximately 110 metric tons
COze, or 28 percent of total government emissions.
4.1 Community Inventory Summary
In 2005, activities and operations taking place within Tiburon's geopolitical boundary resulted in approximately
53,143 metric tons of COZe. This number includes all Scope 1 emissions from the on-site combustion of fuels in the
residential and commercial / industrial sectors, and from the combustion of gasoline and diesel in vehicles traveling
on local roads and state highways within Tiburon. This number also includes all Scope 2 emissions associated with
community electricity consumption, and Scope 3 emissions from waste generated by the Tiburon community."
4.1.1 Summary by Scope
As shown in Table 4.1, Scope I sources produced the largest amount of community greenhouse gas emissions in
2005, totaling 40,416 metric tons of COZe. Scope 2 emissions constituted the second largest amount (10,588 metric
tons of COZe), and Scope 3 emissions totaled 2,138 metric tons of C02e.15
Scope 1 40,416
Natural Gas (Stationary Sources) 16,963
Transportation Gasoline 20,652
Transportation Diesel 2,801
Scope 2 10,588
Purchased Electricity (All Stationary Sources) 10,588
Scope 3 2,138
Waste Generation 2,138
Scope 1 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's community produced 40,416 metric tons C02e of Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions. As seen in
Figure 4. 1, the largest percent (51 percent) of Scope 1 emissions resulted from mobile sources of gasoline fuel
combustion. The second largest source of Scope 1 emissions was stationary combustion of natural gas, constituting
42 percent of Scope 1 emissions. The remaining Scope I emissions (7 percent) resulted from mobile diesel
combustion.
14 For a detailed description of scopes, please see Section 2: Methodology
" These emissions have not been totaled as this may result in double counting and a percentage is not significantly relevant to
forming emissions reduction policy. The summaries by sector and source have percentage breakdowns, as do individual
sources of emissions.
Scope 2 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's community generated 10,588 metric tons of C02e in the form of Scope 2 emissions from
purchased electricity. All Scope 2 emissions in this inventory result from electricity consumed within Tiburon but
produced outside of Tiburon.
Scope 3 Emissions
In 2005, Tiburon's community generated 2,138 metric tons of C02e in the form of Scope 3 emissions. All Scope 3
sources included in this report are an estimate of methane emissions that will result from the anaerobic
decomposition of solid waste, generated by the Tiburon community during 2005.
4.1.2 Summary by Sector
By better understanding the relative scale of emissions from each primary sector, Tiburon can more effectively
focus emissions reductions strategies to achieve the greatest emission reductions. For this reason, an analysis of
emissions by sector is included in this report, based on the total of 53,143 metric tons of C02e. The four sectors
included in this inventory are the following:
• Residential
• Commercial / Industrial
• Transportation
• Waste Generation
As visible in Figure 4.2, the Transportation Sector was the largest emitter (44 percent) in 2005. Emissions from the
Residential Sector produced the second highest quantity, resulting in 42 percent of total emissions, or 22,515 metric
tons of C02e. The remainder of emissions came from Commercial / Industrial (10 percent) and Waste (4 percent).
Please see detailed sector emissions analyses below for more detail.
Commercial / Industrial
5,036
9.5%
79,211
Transportation
23,453
44.1%
320,709
Waste
2,138
4.0%
0
4.1.3 Summary by Source
When considering how to reduce emissions, it is also helpful to look not only at which sectors are generating
emissions, but also at the specific raw resources and materials (gasoline, diesel, electricity, natural gas, solid waste,
etc.) whose use and generation directly result in the release of greenhouse gases. Such analysis can help target
resource management in a way that will successfully reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Below (Figure 4.3 and Table
4.3) is a summary of Tiburon`s 2005 greenhouse gas emissions by fuel type or material, based upon the total
community emissions of 53,143 metric tons.
Residential 22,515 42.4% 390,171
2005 Commun
Source
19.9%
Natural Gas
16,963
31.9%
Gasoline
20,652
38.9%
Diesel
2,801
5.3%
Paper Products
1,003
1.9%
Food Waste
395
0.7%
Plant Debris 252 0.5%
4.1.4 Per Capita Emissions
Per capita emissions can be a useful metric for measuring progress in reducing greenhouse gases and for comparing
one community's emissions with neighboring cities and against regional and national averages. That said, due to
differences in emission inventory methods, it can be difficult to produce directly comparable per capita emissions
numbers, and one must be cognizant of this margin of error when comparing figures.
As detailed in Table 4.4, dividing the total community-wide GHG emissions by population yields a result of 61
metric tons of COze per capita. It is important to understand that this number is not the same as the carbon footprint
of the average individual living in Tiburon (which would include lifecycle emissions, emissions resulting from air
travel, etc.).
4.2 Community Inventory Detail by Sector
This section explores community activities and emissions by taking a detailed look at each primary sector. As listed
above, the sectors included in the community emissions analysis are:
• Residential
• Commercial / Industrial
• Transportation
• Waste Generation
4.2.1 Residential Sector
Energy consumption associated with Tiburon homes produced 22,515 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in
2005 (42 percent of total community emissions.)
All Residential Sector emissions are the result of
electricity consumption and the on-site
combustion of natural gas. It is important to note
that emissions from lawn equipment, wood-fired
stoves, transportation and waste generation are not
included in these totals. As shown in Table 4.5
below, Tiburon residents generated approximately
6 metric tons of C02e per household. 16 Per
household emissions can be a useful metric for
16 Number of Tiburon households in 2005 based on estimates conducted by the Association of Bay Area Governments
(ABAG).
measuring progress in reducing greenhouse gases and for comparing one's emissions with neighboring cities and
against regional and national averages.
In 2005, Tiburon's entire Residential Sector
consumed 32,005,155 kWh of electricity and
2,809,377 therms of natural gas. As shown in Figure
4.4, 67 percent of total Residential emissions were
the result of natural gas use, and 33 percent were the
result of electricity consumption. Natural gas is
typically used in residences as a fuel for home
heating, water heating and cooking, and electricity is
generally used for lighting, heating, and to power
appliances. There are a number of ways that Tiburon
can help reduce emissions from the Residential
Sector, such as implementing measures to improve
energy efficiency, increase the use of renewable
energy, and bolster energy conservation in Tiburon homes.
Electricity 7,489 33.3% 32,005,155 kWh 109,233
ivati,.4~ age 15 n26 6670% 2.809.377 therms 280.938
Table 4.5: 2005 Residential Emissions per
Household
4.2.2 Commercial / Industrial Sector
The Commercial / Industrial sector includes emissions
from the operations of businesses as well as public
agencies. For example, the majority of buildings and
facilities included in the government operations
inventory are also included as a subset of the
Commercial / Industrial sector, as per classification
made by PG&E." In 2005, buildings and facilities
within the Commercial / Industrial sector produced
5,036 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions (10
percent of total community emissions). All Commercial / Industrial Sector emissions included in this inventory are
the result of electricity consumption and the on-site combustion of natural gas. It is important to note that emissions
from off-road equipment, transportation, waste generation, stationary combustion other than natural gas, and other
industrial processes are not included in these totals.
Table 4.7 lists Commercial / Industrial emissions based on the estimated number of jobs in Tiburon in 2005.18
Tiburon businesses generated 1.8 metric tons of GHG emissions per job in 2005.
Job
As shown in Figure 4.5, 39 percent of total Commercial / Industrial emissions were the result of natural gas use, and
62 percent were the result of electricity consumption. Natural gas is typically used in the Commercial / Industrial
sector to heat buildings, fire boilers, and generate electricity; and electricity is generally used for lighting, heating,
and to power appliances and equipment. There are a number of ways that Tiburon can help reduce emissions from
the Commercial / Industrial Sector, such as providing incentives for businesses to improve energy efficiency and the
use of renewable energy, and by instating policies that demand certain levels of energy performance within the
commercial / industrial sector.
17 There are a few cases where government facilities will be classified as residential.
18 Number of Tiburon jobs in 2005 based on estimates conducted by ABAG.
Table 4.8: Commercial / Industrial Emission Sources 2005
Electricity 3,099 61.5% - 10,870,839 kWh 42,990
Natural Gas 1.937 38.5% 362,207 therms 36,221
4.2.3 Transportation Sector
Between 2002 and 2004, emissions from the
Transportation Sector produced an average of
nearly 40% percent of California statewide
emissions.19 Here in Marin County, the
Transportation Sector accounted for an
estimated 62% of countywide emissions. As
with many other local governments, travel by
motorized vehicle within Tiburon's
geographical boundary constitutes the greatest
percentage (44 percent) of community wide
greenhouse gas emissions - 23,453 metric
tons CO2e.
As shown in Table 4.9, 32 percent of Transportation Sector emissions came from travel on local city roads, and 69
percent came from travel on state highways passing through the jurisdictional boundary of Tiburon. Of the total
emissions in the Transportation Sector, an estimated 88 percent were due to gasoline consumption with the
remaining 12 percent coming from diesel use (see Figure 4.7.) Transportation Sector emissions can be reduced
dramatically by making it easier for residents to use alternative modes of transportation, including walking,
19 AB 32 Scoping Plan
bicycling, and riding public transportation.
The State of California is also aiming to
address transportation emissions by
increasing the fuel efficiency standards of
vehicles, and by increasing the amount of
renewable fuels (e.g. biodiesel and
ethanol) within mainstream fuel sources.
Emissions that resulted from the air travel
of Tiburon residents were not included in
the Transportation Sector analysis. With
more time and the availability of suitable
proxy data the greenhouse gas emissions
from air travel could be estimated. Please
see Appendix B for more detail on methods and emissions factors used in calculating emissions from the
Transportation Sector.
4.2.4 Community Generated Solid Waste
As noted above in Figure 4.2, the Waste Sector
constituted 4 percent of total emissions for the
Tiburon community in 2005. Emissions from the
Waste Sector are an estimate of methane
generation from the decomposition of municipal
solid waste (MSW) and alternative daily cover
(ADC) sent to landfill in the base year (2005).
These emissions are considered Scope 3 because
they are not generated in the base year, but will
result from the decomposition of 2005 waste over
the full 100+ year cycle of its decomposition. As
stated in the Government Inventory section, about
75 percent20 of landfill methane emissions are
captured through landfill gas collection systems, but the remaining 25 percent escape into the atmosphere as a
significant contributor to global warming. Please see Table 4.10 for a summary of emissions per waste type.21
20 US EPA AP 42.
21 Waste characterization figures were provided by the 2004 California Waste Characterization Study,
httl2://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097
Local Roads 7,381 31.5% 100,931
State Ai¢hwavs 16.072 68.5% 219,778
Plant Debris 252 11.8% 0
Wood / Textiles 488 22.8% 0
Paper Products 1,003 46.9% 0
Food Waste 395 18.5% 0
4.3 Community Emissions Forecast
To illustrate the potential emissions growth based on projected trends in energy use, driving habits, job growth, and
population growth from the baseline year going forward, this report includes an emissions forecast for the year
2020. Under a business-as-usual scenario, Tiburon's emissions will grow by approximately 13.8 percent by the year
2020, from 53,143 to 60,500 metric tons C02e. Figure 4.8 and Table 4.11 show the results of the forecast. A variety
of different reports and projections were used to create the emissions forecast, as profiled below.
4.3.1 Residential
For the Residential Sector, a population projection for Tiburon, which was conducted by the Association of Bay
Area Governments (ABAG), was used to estimate average annual compound growth in energy demand (5.7
percent). ABAG estimates that the Tiburon population was 8,700 in 2005, and will be 9,200 in 2020.
4.3.2 Commercial / Industrial
Analysis contained within California Energy Demand 2008-2018: Staff Revised Forecasl22, a report by the
California Energy Commission (CEC), shows that commercial floor space and the number of jobs have closely
tracked the growth in energy use in the Commercial Sector. Using job growth projections for Tiburon also provided
by ABAG, it was calculated that the average annual growth in energy use in the Commercial / Industrial Sector
22 http://www energy ca eov/2007publications/CEC-200-2007-015/CEC-200-2007-015-SF2.PDF
between 2005 and 2020 will be 0.7 percent. ABAG estimates that there were 2,870 jobs in Tiburon in 2005, and will
be 2,890 jobs in 2020.
4.3.3 Transportation
For the Transportation Sector, projected growth in energy demand was obtained from the CEC 2008 energy demand
forecast referenced above. The recently passed federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards and the state of
California's pending tailpipe emission standards could significantly reduce the demand for transportation fuel in
Tiburon. An analysis of potential fuel savings from these measures at a scale that would be useful for the purpose of
this report has not been conducted, nor would such an analysis produce a true business-as-usual estimation.
Regardless of future changes in the composition of vehicles on the road as a result of state or federal rulemaking,
emissions from the Transportation Sector will continue to be largely determined by growth in vehicle-miles-traveled
(VMT). In their report, Forecast of the Transportation Energy Demand, 2003-202323, the CEC projects that on-road
VMT will increase at an annual rate of 1.65 percent per year through 2023. This is the number that was used to
estimate emission growth in the Transportation Sector for the Tiburon forecast.
4.3.4 Waste Generation
As with the Residential Sector, population is the primary determinate for growth in emission pertaining to waste
generation (Information Item). Therefore, the average annual population growth rate from 2005 to 2020 (5.7
percent, as calculated from above population projections) was used to estimate future emissions from waste
disposal.
Table 4.11: 2005 Community Emissions Growth Forecast by
Sector
Commercial / Industrial
5,036
5,071
0.05%
0.7%
Transportation
23,453
29,359
1.51%
25.2%
Waste
2,138
2,261
0.37%
5.7%
23 http://www.ener€v.ca.gov/reports/2003-10-01 100-03-016.PDF
Residential 22,515 23,809 0.37% 5.7%
challenges facing society today. Potential climate change impacts in Northern California include: declining water
supplies, spread of disease, diminished agricultural productivity, sea level rise, and increased incidence of wildfire,
flooding, and landslides. In addition, the volatility of energy markets has roused concern, and is forcing
communities to think differently about their resources. Local governments are in a unique position to lead an
intelligent and timely response to these challenges in a way that will keep them, and their communities, ahead of
market and regulatory trends.
This greenhouse gas emissions inventory completes an important first step in Tiburon's climate protection and
energy management efforts. By identifying the largest sources of emissions, and by estimating overall baseline
emission levels against which future progress can be demonstrated, this report establishes a foundation for informed
institutional action.
The completion of this report is only the beginning of a larger process. ICLEI recommends that Tiburon capitalize
on the resources invested in this report, by setting an emission reduction target and by creating a comprehensive
plan for emissions reduction and energy management. Additionally, to streamline Tiburon's ability to monitor its
progress toward achieving its climate protection goals over time, ICLEI recommends that Tiburon institutionalize
the inventory process. By creating data compilation and analysis systems in line with the International Local
Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (LEAP) and the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP),
Tiburon will be able to inventory greenhouse gas emissions every two to three years in an efficient and protocol-
compliant manner. ICLEI is proud to be of continued service to Tiburon in establishing such systems, and in
advancing tangible improvements towards local sustainability - ensuring, for years to come, that Tiburon builds and
retains a competitive economic position while protecting the environment and its people.
Climate change, caused by an increase in the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases, is one of the greatest
Appendix A: IEAP Community Scopes Framework
Utility-delivered fuel consumption
Upstream/downstream emissions
Stationary Combustion
Decentralized fuel consumption
n/a
(e.g., mining/transport of coal)
Utility-consumed fuel for electricity
/ heal generation
-
Electricity / Heat Consumption
n/a
Utility-delivered electricity / heal
Upstream/downstream emissions
/steam consumption
Decentralized electricity / heat
(e.g., mining/transport of coal)
/steam consumption
Energy
Tailpipe emissions from on-road
Tailpipe emissions from vehicles
vehicles
used by community residents
Electricity consumption associated
Upstream/downstream emissions
Mobile Combustion
with vehicle movement within the
(e.g. mining/traosporl of oil)
community (e.g., light rail)
Tailpipe emissions from rail, sea,
airborne and non-road vehicles.
operating within the community
Tailpipe emissions from rail, sea,
and airborne vehicles departing from
or arriving into the community
Other Energy
Fugitive emissions not already
n/a
Upstream/downstream emissions
accounted for
Industrial Processes and Product Use
Decentralized process emissions
n/a
Upstream/downstream emissions
Livestock methane, managed soils
nor
Upstream/downstream emissions
from fertilizer/pesticide manufacture
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Net biogenic carbon flux
n/a
n/a
Landfill, incineration and compost
emissions occurring in present-year
from waste produced to date inside
Direct emissions from landfill,
the community
Solid Waste Disposal
incineration and compost facilities
n/a
Future emissions associated with
located inside the community
waste disposed
Upstream/downstream emissions
(e.g. transport to the landfill)
Waste
Wastewater emissions occurring in
present year from wastewater
produced to date inside the
Direct emissions from wastewater
community
Wastewater Treatment and
facilities located inside the
nor
Future emissions associated with
Discharge
community
wastewater treated
Upstream/downstream emissions
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Appendix D: Example Employee Commute Survey
Employee Commute Questionnaire
This information is being gathered as part of Tiburon's participation in the ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection
program, and as part of a collaborative effort among Marin local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
called the Marin Climate and Energy Partnership. The goal is to reduce energy consumption, save money and
reduce greenhouse gas and local air pollution. All information will be kept anonymous and confidential. Thank you
in advance for your participation!
For the year 2007 please make your best estimate for the following questions:
1) On average, how many days per week did you work during 2007?
2) On an average day, how many miles did you travel to work round trip each day during 2007?
3) Please mark the number of days that you used a particular mode of transit throughout an average week of
commuting in 2007: (ex. Drive, bus, bicycle, walk, carpool )
• Drive alone
• Carpool
• Take Public Transit
• Bike _
• Walk _
• Other
4) If you carpooled, how many other Tiburon employees traveled with you on average?
5) If you drove, what type of vehicle did you drive most often? (Check or highlight one.)
• Auto - full size _
• Auto - mid size _
• Auto - compact
• Hybrid
• Heavy truck
• Light truck/ SUN
• Motorcycle _
• Van_
• Other
6) What type of fuel does your vehicle use? (Check or highlight one.)
• Gasoline _
• Diesel
• Ultra-low sulfur diesel
• Bio-diesel
• B% blend (e.g B20, 13100, etc.) B
• ethanol _
• electric
• LPG _
• CNG _
• Other
If you were working for Tiburon during the year 2005 please make your best estimate for the following
questions:
7) On average, how many days per week did you work during 2005?
8) On an average day, how many miles did you travel to work round trip each day during 2005
9) Please mark the number of days that you used a particular mode of transit throughout an average week of
commuting in 2005: (ex. Drive, bus, bicycle, walk, carpool )
• Drive alone _
• Carpool
• Take Public Transit _
• Bike _
• Walk _
• Other
10) If you carpooled, how many other Tiburon employees traveled with you on average?
11) If you drove, what type of vehicle did you drive most often? (Check or highlight one.)
•
Auto - full size _
•
Auto - mid size _
•
Auto - compact
•
Hybrid
•
_
Heavy truck
•
Light truck/ SUV
•
Motorcycles
•
Van _
•
Other
12) What type of fuel does your vehicle use? (Check or highlight one.)
•
Gasoline _
•
Diesel _
•
Ultra-low sulfur diesel
• Bio-diesel _
• B% blend (e.g B20, 13100, etc.) B
• Hybrid
• ethanol _
• electric _
• LPG _
• CNG _
• Other
Whether or not you worked for Tiburon in 2005, please answer these final questions:
13) If an incentive were available, would you be willing to use mass transportation? (Circle or highlight one.)
Yes No
14) Please rate the top three mass transportation modes that you would most likely use (I as most likely, 3 as
third most likely):
Car Pool
Van Pool
Take the Bus
Bicycle
Walk
Commuter train, if available.
Other
15) Have you completed a home energy audit in the location you currently reside in? (Circle or highlight one.)
Yes No
16) Would you consider having a free home energy audit done for your current home? (Circle or highlight
one.)
Yes No
Please email this form to the address below, or print and return directly to Laurie Tyler, Associate Planner. If
you have any questions please don't hesitate to contact me at: